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Hierarchy of bone microdamage at multiple length scales
International Journal of Fatigue ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2007-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.09.010
Deepak Vashishth 1
Affiliation  

Microdamage formation is a critical determinant of bone fracture and the nature and type of damage formed in bone depends on the interaction of its extracellular matrix (ECM) with the applied loading. More importantly, because bone is a hierarchical composite with multiple length scales linked to each other, the nature and type of damage in bone could also be hierarchical. In this review article, based on new unpublished data and a reanalysis of literature reports on in vivo and in vitro observations of microdamage, three length scales including mineralized collagen fibrils, lamellar and osteonal levels have been identified as the key contributors to microdamage hierarchy and energy dissipation in bone. Inherent hierarchy in bone's ECM therefore has specific microstructural features and energy dissipation mechanisms at different length scales that allow the bone to effectively resist the different components of the applied physiological loading. Furthermore, because human bones experience multiaxial cyclic loading and its ECM is subjected to variation with aging and disease, additional emphasis is placed on investigating how the nature of applied loading and the quality of ECM affect the hierarchy of microdamage formation with age.

中文翻译:

多个长度尺度的骨微损伤层次

微损伤的形成是骨折的关键决定因素,骨骼中形成的损伤的性质和类型取决于其细胞外基质 (ECM) 与施加的载荷的相互作用。更重要的是,由于骨骼是具有多个相互关联的长度尺度的分层复合体,骨骼中损伤的性质和类型也可以是分层的。在这篇评论文章中,基于新的未发表数据和对体内和体外微损伤观察的文献报告的重新分析,三个长度尺度包括矿化胶原纤维、层状和骨水平已被确定为微损伤层次和能量的关键贡献者在骨骼中消散。骨骼中的固有层次结构' 因此,ECM 在不同长度尺度上具有特定的微观结构特征和能量耗散机制,使骨骼能够有效地抵抗施加的生理负荷的不同成分。此外,由于人体骨骼经历多轴循环载荷,其 ECM 会随着衰老和疾病而发生变化,因此额外的重点是研究应用载荷的性质和 ECM 的质量如何影响随着年龄的微损伤形成的层次。
更新日期:2007-06-01
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