Using the nasal route to deliver pharmaceutical aerosols to the lungs has a number of advantages, including coadministration during noninvasive ventilation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and deposition characteristics of nasally administered aerosol throughout the conducting airways based on delivery with streamlined interfaces implementing two forms of controlled condensational growth technology. Characteristic conducting airways were considered including a nose-mouth-throat (NMT) geometry, complete upper tracheobronchial (TB) model through the third bifurcation (B3), and stochastic individual path (SIP) model to the terminal bronchioles (B15). Previously developed streamlined nasal cannula interfaces were used for the delivery of submicrometer particles using either enhanced condensational growth (ECG) or excipient enhanced growth (EEG) techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations predicted aerosol transport, growth, and deposition for a control (4.7 μm) and three submicrometer condensational aerosols with budesonide as a model insoluble drug. Depositional losses with condensational aerosols in the cannula and NMT were less than 5% of the initial dose, which represents an order-of-magnitude reduction compared to the control. The condensational growth techniques increased the TB dose by a factor of 1.1–2.6×, delivered at least 70% of the dose to the alveolar region, and produced final aerosol sizes ≥2.5 μm. Compared to multiple commercial orally inhaled products, the nose-to-lung delivery approach increased dose to the biologically important lower TB region by factors as large as 35×. In conclusion, nose-to-lung delivery with streamlined nasal cannulas and condensational aerosols was highly efficient and targeted deposition to the lower TB and alveolar regions. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research

中文翻译：

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经鼻给药的气雾剂的靶向肺递送

使用鼻腔途径将药物气雾剂输送到肺部有许多优点，包括在无创通气期间共同给药。本研究的目的是评估鼻内给药气雾剂在整个传导气道中的生长和沉积特性，其基于流线型界面的输送，实施两种形式的受控冷凝生长技术。考虑了特征性传导气道，包括鼻-口-喉 (NMT) 几何结构、通过第三分叉 (B3) 的完整上气管支气管 (TB) 模型和到终末细支气管 (B15) 的随机个体路径 (SIP) 模型。先前开发的流线型鼻插管接口用于使用增强凝聚生长 (ECG) 或赋形剂增强生长 (EEG) 技术输送亚微米颗粒。计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模拟预测了对照 (4.7 μm) 和三个以布地奈德作为模型不溶性药物的亚微米凝结气溶胶的气溶胶传输、生长和沉积。套管和 NMT 中凝结气溶胶的沉积损失小于初始剂量的 5%，与对照相比，这表示一个数量级的减少。凝结生长技术将 TB 剂量增加了 1.1-2.6 倍，将至少 70% 的剂量输送到肺泡区域，并产生大于等于 2.5 μm 的最终气溶胶大小。与多种商业口服吸入产品相比，鼻对肺给药方法使具有生物学重要性的肺结核下部区域的剂量增加了 35 倍。总之，使用流线型鼻插管和冷凝气雾剂进行鼻对肺给药是高效的，并且可以靶向沉积到下肺结核和肺泡区域。版权所有 2014 美国气溶胶研究协会