Agastache is a small genus of Lamiaceae, comprising 22 species of perennial aromatic medicinal herbs. In this article, we review recent advances in phytochemical, pharmacological, biotechnological and molecular research on Agastache. The phytochemical profile of all Agastache species studied to date is generally similar, consisted of two main metabolic classes-phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. In the relatively variable essential oils, most populations of different Agastache species contain over 50 % of a phenylallyl compound-estragole. Also, other volatile compounds (methyleugenol, pulegone, menthone, isomenthone and spathulenol) were reported in various proportions. Major non-volatile metabolites belong to phenolic compounds, such as caffeic acid derivatives, especially rosmarinic acid as well as several flavones and flavone glycosides like acacetin, tilianin, agastachoside, and a rare dimeric malonyl flavone (agastachin). Two unique lignans-agastenol and agastinol-were also isolated. Terpenoids include triterpenoids of oleanane-type (maslinic acid, oleanolic acid and β-amyrin), ursane-type (ursolic acid, corosolic acid and α-amyrin), and typical plant sterols, as well as abietane-type oxidized diterpenes (e.g., agastaquinone, agastol, and others). The bioactivity of various extracts or individual compounds in vitro and in vivo include antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-mutagenic activity, cytotoxic activity to cancer cell lines, and anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, antioxidant as well as biocidal activity to several foodstuff pests. Biotechnological and molecular studies have focused on in vitro propagation and enhancing the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites in cell or organ cultures, as well as on the expression of genes involved in phenolic biosynthesis.

中文翻译：

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龙舌兰属（唇形科）芳香和药用植物的植物化学和生物活性。

天竺葵是唇形科的一个小属，包括 22 种多年生芳香药材。在本文中，我们回顾了阿加斯塔奇植物化学、药理学、生物技术和分子研究的最新进展。迄今为止研究的所有 Agastache 物种的植物化学特征大体相似，由两个主要代谢类别 - 苯丙烷和萜类化合物组成。在相对变化多端的精油中，大多数不同种的琼脂含有超过 50% 的苯烯丙基化合物 - 草蒿脑。此外，还报告了不同比例的其他挥发性化合物（甲基丁香酚、胡薄荷酮、薄荷酮、异薄荷酮和匙羹藤醇）。主要的非挥发性代谢物属于酚类化合物，如咖啡酸衍生物、尤其是迷迭香酸以及几种黄酮和黄酮糖苷，如金合欢苷、蒂莲素、天冬苷和一种罕见的二聚丙二酰黄酮（agastachin）。两种独特的木脂素-agastenol 和agastinol-也被分离出来。萜类化合物包括齐墩果型三萜（山楂酸、齐墩果酸和β-香树脂醇）、熊果型（熊果酸、科罗索酸和α-香树脂醇）和典型的植物甾醇，以及松香烷型氧化二萜（例如，阿加司他醌、阿加斯托尔等）。各种提取物或单个化合物的体外和体内生物活性包括抗微生物、抗病毒和抗诱变活性、对癌细胞系的细胞毒活性，以及​​抗伤害性、抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗氧化和杀生物活性。几种食品害虫。