Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in American men. Docetaxel is a useful chemotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer that has been available for over a decade, but the length of the treatment and systemic side effects hamper compliance. Additionally, docetaxel resistance invariably emerges, leading to disease relapse. Docetaxel resistance is either intrinsic or acquired by adopting various mechanisms that are highly associated with genetic alterations, decreased influx and increased efflux of drugs. Several combination therapies and small P-glycoprotein inhibitors have been proposed to improve the therapeutic potential of docetaxel in prostate cancer. Novel therapeutic strategies that may allow reversal of docetaxel resistance include alterations of enzymes, improving drug uptake and enhancement of apoptosis. In this review, we provide the most current docetaxel reversal approaches utilizing nanotechnology. Nanotechnology mediated docetaxel delivery is superior to existing therapeutic strategies and a more effective method to induce P-glycoprotein inhibition, enhance cellular uptake, maintain sustained drug release, and improve bioavailability.

中文翻译：

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克服前列腺癌中多西紫杉醇耐药性的纳米方法。

前列腺癌是美国男性中最常见的非皮肤恶性肿瘤。多西紫杉醇是一种有用的前列腺癌化学治疗剂，已有十多年的历史，但治疗时间长和全身副作用阻碍了依从性。此外，多西紫杉醇耐药性总是会出现，导致疾病复发。多西紫杉醇耐药性要么是内在的，要么是通过采用与遗传改变、药物流入减少和药物流出增加高度相关的各种机制获得的。已经提出了几种联合疗法和小 P-糖蛋白抑制剂来提高多西他赛在前列腺癌中的治疗潜力。可以逆转多西紫杉醇耐药性的新治疗策略包括改变酶、改善药物摄取和增强细胞凋亡。在这篇综述中，我们提供了最新的利用纳米技术的多西紫杉醇逆转方法。纳米技术介导的多西紫杉醇给药优于现有的治疗策略，是一种更有效的诱导 P-糖蛋白抑制、增强细胞摄取、维持持续药物释放和提高生物利用度的方法。