Many of the biological applications and effects of nanomaterials are attributed to their ability to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a direct and reliable method to identify and quantify free radicals in both chemical and biological environments. In this review, we discuss the use of ESR spectroscopy to study ROS generation mediated by nanomaterials, which have various applications in biological, chemical, and materials science. In addition to introducing the theory of ESR, we present some modifications of the method such as spin trapping and spin labeling, which ultimately aid in the detection of short-lived free radicals. The capability of metal nanoparticles in mediating ROS generation and the related mechanisms are also presented.

中文翻译：

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用于研究纳米材料介导的活性氧生成的电子自旋共振光谱

纳米材料的许多生物学应用和影响都归因于它们促进活性氧（ROS）产生的能力。电子自旋共振 (ESR) 光谱是一种直接且可靠的方法，用于识别和量化化学和生物环境中的自由基。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用 ESR 光谱来研究由纳米材料介导的 ROS 生成，纳米材料在生物、化学和材料科学中具有各种应用。除了介绍 ESR 理论外，我们还对该方法进行了一些修改，例如自旋捕获和自旋标记，最终有助于检测短寿命自由基。还介绍了金属纳米粒子介导 ROS 生成的能力及其相关机制。