Tissue optical clearing technique provides a prospective solution for the application of advanced optical methods in life sciences. This paper gives a review of recent developments in tissue optical clearing techniques. The physical, molecular and physiological mechanisms of tissue optical clearing are overviewed and discussed. Various methods for enhancing penetration of optical‐clearing agents into tissue, such as physical methods, chemical‐penetration enhancers and combination of physical and chemical methods are introduced. Combining the tissue optical clearing technique with advanced microscopy image or labeling technique, applications for 3D microstructure of whole tissues such as brain and central nervous system with unprecedented resolution are demonstrated. Moreover, the difference in diffusion and/or clearing ability of selected agents in healthy versus pathological tissues can provide a highly sensitive indicator of the tissue health/pathology condition. Finally, recent advances in optical clearing of soft or hard tissue for in vivo imaging and phototherapy are introduced.

中文翻译：

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组织光学透明化的最新进展。

组织光学清除技术为先进光学方法在生命科学中的应用提供了前瞻性的解决方案。本文回顾了组织光学清除技术的最新发展。概述和讨论了组织光学清除的物理、分子和生理机制。介绍了各种增强光学清除剂渗透到组织中的方法，如物理方法、化学渗透增强剂和物理和化学方法的结合。将组织光学清除技术与先进的显微图像或标记技术相结合，展示了以前所未有的分辨率应用于大脑和中枢神经系统等整个组织的 3D 微观结构。而且，所选药剂在健康组织和病理组织中的扩散和/或清除能力的差异可以提供组织健康/病理状况的高度敏感指标。最后，介绍了用于体内成像和光疗的软或硬组织光学清除的最新进展。