The nature and origin of human diversity has been a source of intellectual curiosity since the beginning of human history. Contemporary advances in cultural and biological sciences provide unique opportunities for the emerging field of cultural neuroscience. Research in cultural neuroscience examines how cultural and genetic diversity shape the human mind, brain, and behavior across multiple time scales: situation, ontogeny, and phylogeny. Recent progress in cultural neuroscience provides novel theoretical frameworks for understanding the complex interaction of environmental, cultural, and genetic factors in the production of adaptive human behavior. Here, we provide a brief history of cultural neuroscience, theoretical, and methodological advances, as well as empirical evidence of the promise of and progress in the field. Implications of this research for population health disparities and public policy are discussed.

中文翻译：

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文化神经科学：进步与承诺

自人类历史开始以来，人类多样性的本质和起源一直是求知欲的来源。文化和生物科学的当代进步为新兴的文化神经科学领域提供了独特的机会。文化神经科学研究考察了文化和遗传多样性如何在多个时间尺度上塑造人类的思想、大脑和行为：情境、个体发育和系统发育。文化神经科学的最新进展为理解环境、文化和遗传因素在适应性人类行为产生中的复杂相互作用提供了新的理论框架。在这里，我们提供了文化神经科学、理论和方法学进步的简史，以及该领域前景和进展的经验证据。