Three-dimensional reconstruction of human body from a living subject can be considered as the first step toward promoting virtual human project as a tool in clinical applications. This study proposes a detailed protocol for building subject-specific three-dimensional model of knee joint from a living subject. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging image data of knee joint were used to reconstruct knee structures, including bones, skin, muscles, cartilages, menisci, and ligaments. They were fused to assemble the complete three-dimensional knee joint. The procedure was repeated three times with respect to three different methods of reference landmarks. The accuracy of image fusion in accordance with different landmarks was evaluated and compared with each other. The complete three-dimensional knee joint, which included 21 knee structures, was accurately developed. The choice of external or anatomical landmarks was not crucial to improve image fusion accuracy for three-dimensional reconstruction. Further work needs to be done to explore the value of the reconstructed three-dimensional knee joint for its biomechanics and kinematics.

中文翻译：

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使用计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像图像数据融合对受试者特定的膝关节进行三维重建。

从活着的主体对人体进行三维重建可以认为是将虚拟人体项目推广为临床应用工具的第一步。这项研究提出了一个详细的协议，用于从一个活着的受试者中建立特定于受试者的膝关节三维模型。膝关节的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像图像数据用于重建膝盖结构，包括骨骼，皮肤，肌肉，软骨，半月板和韧带。他们融合在一起，组装了完整的三维膝关节。对于三种不同的参考界标方法，该过程重复了三遍。评估并比较了根据不同界标的图像融合精度。完整的三维膝关节 精确地开发了包括21个膝盖结构的机器人。外部或解剖界标的选择对于提高三维重建的图像融合精度并不是至关重要的。需要做进一步的工作来探索重建的三维膝关节对其生物力学和运动学的价值。