This work focuses on the structural changes of barium chloride (BaCl2) nanoparticles in fluorochlorozirconate-based glass ceramics when doped with two different luminescent activators, in this case rare-earth (RE) ions, and thermally processed using a differential scanning calorimeter. In a first step, only europium in its divalent and trivalent oxidation states, Eu2+ and Eu3+, is investigated, which shows no significant influence on the crystallization of hexagonal phase BaCl2. However, higher amounts of Eu2+ increase the activation energy of the phase transition to an orthorhombic crystal structure. In a second step, nucleation and nanocrystal growth are influenced by changing the structural environment of the glasses by co-doping with Eu2+ and trivalent Gd3+, Nd3+, Yb3+, or Tb3+, due to the different atomic radii and electro-negativity of the co-dopants.

中文翻译：

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稀土共掺杂氟锆酸盐玻璃的结晶研究。

这项工作的重点是在氟氯锆酸盐基玻璃陶瓷中氯化钡 (BaCl2) 纳米粒子在掺杂两种不同的发光激活剂时的结构变化，在这种情况下是稀土 (RE) 离子，并使用差示扫描量热仪进行热处理。在第一步中，仅研究了处于二价和三价氧化态 Eu2+ 和 Eu3+ 的铕，这表明对六方相 BaCl2 的结晶没有显着影响。然而，较高量的 Eu2+ 会增加向正交晶体结构相变的活化能。第二步，通过与 Eu2+ 和三价 Gd3+、Nd3+、Yb3+ 或 Tb3+ 共掺杂来改变玻璃的结构环境，从而影响成核和纳米晶体生长，