Processes for decoding the genetic information in cells, including transcription, replication, recombination and repair, involve the deformation of DNA from its equilibrium structures such as bending, stretching, twisting, and unzipping of the double helix. Single-molecule manipulation techniques have made it possible to control DNA conformation and simultaneously detect the induced changes, revealing a rich variety of mechanically-induced conformational changes and thermodynamic states. These single-molecule techniques helped us to reveal the physics of DNA and the processes involved in the passing on of the genetic code.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米级单分子操作了解 DNA 的物理学。

细胞中遗传信息的解码过程，包括转录、复制、重组和修复，涉及 DNA 从其平衡结构的变形，如双螺旋的弯曲、拉伸、扭曲和解链。单分子操作技术使得控制 DNA 构象并同时检测诱导变化成为可能，揭示了丰富多样的机械诱导构象变化和热力学状态。这些单分子技术帮助我们揭示了 DNA 的物理原理以及遗传密码传递所涉及的过程。