No chemotherapeutic drug can be effective until it is delivered to its target site. Nano-sized drug carriers are designed to transport therapeutic or diagnostic materials from the point of administration to the drug's site of action. This task requires the nanoparticle carrying the drug to complete a journey from the injection site to the site of action. The journey begins with the injection of the drug carrier into the bloodstream and continues through stages of circulation, extravasation, accumulation, distribution, endocytosis, endosomal escape, intracellular localization and-finally-action. Effective nanoparticle design should consider all of these stages to maximize drug delivery to the entire tumor and effectiveness of the treatment.

中文翻译：

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癌症纳米粒子的奥德赛：从注射部位到作用部位

任何化疗药物在递送到其靶位之前都不会有效。纳米尺寸的药物载体旨在将治疗或诊断材料从给药点运输到药物的作用部位。这项任务需要携带药物的纳米粒子完成从注射部位到作用部位的旅程。旅程从将药物载体注射到血液中开始，并继续通过循环、外渗、积累、分布、内吞作用、内体逃逸、细胞内定位和最终作用等阶段。有效的纳米颗粒设计应考虑所有这些阶段，以最大限度地将药物输送到整个肿瘤和治疗效果。