Objectives: To investigate cognitive components and mechanisms of learning and memory in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using a simple clinical measure, the Three Words Three Shapes Test (3W3S).Background: PPA patients can complain of memory loss and may perform poorly in standard tests of memory. The extent to which these signs and symptoms reflect dysfunction of the left hemisphere language versus limbic memory network remains unknown.Methods: 3W3S data from 26 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PPA were compared with previously published data from patients with typical dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and cognitively healthy elders.Results: PPA patients showed two bottlenecks in new learning. First, they were impaired in the effortless (but not effortful) on-line encoding of verbal (but not non-verbal) items. Second, they were impaired in the retrieval (but not retention) of verbal (but not non-verbal) items. In contrast, DAT patients had impairments also in effortful on-line encoding and retention of verbal and nonverbal items.Conclusions: PPA selectively interferes with spontaneous on-line encoding and subsequent retrieval of verbal information. This combination may underlie poor memory test performance and is likely to reflect the dysfunction of the left hemisphere language rather than medial temporal memory network.

中文翻译：

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原发性进行性失语症的语言和非语言记忆：三个词 - 三种形状测试。

目的：使用简单的临床测量方法，即三词三种形状测试 (3W3S)，研究原发性进行性失语症 (PPA) 中学习和记忆的认知成分和机制。背景： PPA 患者可能会抱怨记忆力减退，并且可能在标准记忆测试中表现不佳。这些体征和症状反映左半球语言与边缘记忆网络功能障碍的程度仍然未知。方法：将 26 名临床诊断为 PPA 的患者的 3W3S 数据与先前公布的典型阿尔茨海默型痴呆 (DAT) 患者和认知健康老年人的数据进行比较。结果：PPA 患者在新学习中表现出两个瓶颈。首先，他们在对语言（但不是非语言）项目的轻松（但不费力）在线编码方面受损。其次，他们在检索（但不是保留）语言（但不是非语言）项目方面受损。相比之下，DAT 患者在努力在线编码和保留语言和非语言项目方面也有障碍。结论： PPA 选择性地干扰自发的在线编码和随后的口头信息检索。这种组合可能是记忆测试表现不佳的基础，并且可能反映了左半球语言而非内侧时间记忆网络的功能障碍。