In order to minimize the levels of potentially toxic disinfectants and disinfection by-products in treated water while maintaining adequate protection against microbiological contamination, the total risks associated with disinfection have to be measured and compared with the risks from microbial agents. Because much work has already been carried out on chlorination and its by-products, it is recommended that research focus on major disinfection alternatives, i.e., ozonation, chloramination, carbon dioxidation, and the most practical combinations of these options. The primary research needs are (1) assessment of the relative toxicological hazards of the disinfectants and their by-products and (2) development of biologically based models for the dose-response relationships of these chemicals.

中文翻译：

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确定与消毒剂和消毒副产品有关的健康风险：研究需求。

为了使处理过的水中的潜在毒性消毒剂和消毒副产物的水平最小化，同时保持对微生物污染的足够保护，必须测量与消毒相关的总风险，并将其与微生物制剂的风险进行比较。由于已经在氯化及其副产物方面进行了大量工作，因此建议将研究重点放在主要的消毒替代方法上，例如臭氧化，氯化，碳二氧化以及这些方法的最实用组合。主要的研究需求是（1）评估消毒剂及其副产物的相对毒理学危害，以及（2）开发基于生物学的模型来确定这些化学品的剂量反应关系。