Nanomaterials have become part of our daily lives, particularly nanoparticles contained in food, water, cosmetics, additives and textiles. Nanoparticles interact with organisms at the cellular level. The cell membrane is the first protective barrier against the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles. This first contact, including the interaction between the cell membranes -and associated proteins- and the nanoparticles is critically reviewed here. Nanoparticles, depending on their toxicity, can cause cellular physiology alterations, such as a disruption in cell signaling or changes in gene expression and they can trigger immune responses and even apoptosis. Additionally, the fundamental thermodynamics behind the nanoparticle-membrane and nanoparticle-proteins-membrane interactions are discussed. The analysis is intended to increase our insight into the mechanisms involved in these interactions. Finally, consequences are reviewed and discussed.

纳米材料已成为我们日常生活的一部分，尤其是食品，水，化妆品，添加剂和纺织品中所含的纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒在细胞水平上与生物相互作用。细胞膜是抵抗纳米颗粒潜在毒性作用的第一个保护性屏障。在这里严格审查了这种首次接触，包括细胞膜和相关蛋白与纳米颗粒之间的相互作用。纳米粒子取决于它们的毒性，可以引起细胞生理学改变，例如细胞信号传导中断或基因表达改变，并且它们可以触发免疫反应甚至凋亡。另外，讨论了纳米颗粒-膜和纳米颗粒-蛋白质-膜相互作用背后的基本热力学。该分析旨在增加我们对参与这些交互作用的机制的了解。最后，对后果进行了审查和讨论。