We present detailed characteristics of linear polarization features (LPFs) in the quiet-Sun photosphere from high-resolution observations obtained with Sunrise/IMaX. We explore differently treated data with various noise levels in linear polarization signals, from which structure and dynamics of the LPFs are studied. Physical properties of the detected LPFs are also obtained from the results of Stokes inversions. The number of LPFs and their sizes and polarization signals are found to be strongly dependent on the noise level and on the spatial resolution. While the linear polarization with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥4.5$\geq4.5$ covers about 26% of the entire area in the least noisy data in our study (with a noise level of 1.7×10−4$1.7\times10^{-4}$ in the unit of Stokes I$I$ continuum), the detected (spatially resolved) LPFs cover about 10% of the area at any given time, with an occurrence rate on the order of 8×10−3 s−1$8\times10^{-3}\mbox{ s}^{-1}$ arcsec−2. The LPFs were found to be short lived (in the range of 30 – 300 s), relatively small structures (radii of ≈0.1$\approx0.1$ – 1.5 arcsec), highly inclined, posing hG fields, and they move with an average horizontal speed of 1.2 km s−1. The LPFs were observed (almost) equally on both upflow and downflow regions, with an intensity contrast always larger than that of the average quiet Sun.

中文翻译：

---

安静太阳光球层中的线偏振特征：结构和动力学

我们从 Sunrise/IMaX 获得的高分辨率观测中展示了安静太阳光球层中线性偏振特征 (LPF) 的详细特征。我们探索了线性极化信号中具有各种噪声水平的不同处理数据，从中研究了 LPF 的结构和动力学。检测到的 LPF 的物理特性也可以从 Stokes 反演的结果中获得。发现 LPF 的数量及其大小和极化信号强烈依赖于噪声水平和空间分辨率。而信噪比≥4.5$\geq4.5$的线性极化在我们研究中噪声最小的数据中覆盖了整个区域的约26%（噪声水平为1.7×10−4$1.7\times10 ^{-4}$ 以斯托克斯 I$I$ 连续统为单位），检测到的（空间解析的）LPF 在任何给定时间覆盖约 10% 的区域，出现率约为 8×10−3 s−1$8\times10^{-3}\mbox{s}^{ -1}$ arcsec−2。发现 LPF 寿命很短（在 30 – 300 秒的范围内）、相对较小的结构（半径约为 0.1$\approx0.1$ – 1.5 弧秒）、高度倾斜、构成 hG 场，并且它们以1.2 km s−1 的平均水平速度。在上升流和下降流区域（几乎）观察到 LPF，强度对比度总是大于平均安静太阳的强度对比度。它们以 1.2 km s−1 的平均水平速度移动。在上升流和下降流区域（几乎）观察到 LPF，强度对比度总是大于平均安静太阳的强度对比度。它们以 1.2 km s−1 的平均水平速度移动。在上升流和下降流区域（几乎）观察到 LPF，强度对比度总是大于平均安静太阳的强度对比度。