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Evaluation of Exposure of Brevundimonas diminuta and Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Showering
Journal of Aerosol Science ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.08.008
Sandip Chattopadhyay 1 , Sarah D Perkins 2 , Matthew Shaw 2 , Tonya L Nichols 1
Affiliation  

This study experimentally assessed bacterial water-to-air partitioning coefficients resulting from showerhead aerosolization of water contaminated with Brevundimonas diminuta or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and estimated human exposure through inhalation. Dechlorinated tap water was spiked with two cell densities (109 and 1010 CFU l-1) and cycled at three temperatures (10, 25, and 37 or 40ºC) through a full-scale shower system. For reproducibility, spiked water concentrations were intentionally higher than found in natural environments. Three types of samplers measured size distribution and viable concentrations throughout the system. Results indicate low levels of respirable bioaerosols were generated. The ratio of bacterial contaminant that was effectively aerosolized (bacterial water-to-air partitioning coefficient, PC bwa ) was low - averaging 1.13×10-5 L m-3 for B. diminuta and 8.31×10-6 L m-3 for P. aeruginosa. However, the respirable fraction of aerosolized organisms was high, averaging above 94% (in shower) and above 99% (downstream) for both organisms. This study found no significant difference in bioaerosol load for a forward facing versus reverse facing individual. Further, for the average hot shower (33-43°C) the total number of respirable bioaerosols is higher, but the observed culturability of those aerosolized cells is lower when compared to lower temperatures. Bacterial water to air partitioning coefficients were calculated to predict microbial air concentration and these empirical parameters may be used for assessing inhalation as a route of exposure to pathogens in contaminated waters.

中文翻译:

小短波单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌在淋浴期间暴露的评价

本研究通过实验评估了由 Brevundimonas diminuta 或铜绿假单胞菌污染的水的喷头雾化导致的细菌水对空气分配系数,并估计了人类通过吸入的暴露。脱氯自来水加入两种细胞密度(109 和 1010 CFU l-1),并在三种温度(10、25 和 37 或 40ºC)下通过全尺寸淋浴系统循环。为了重现性,加标水的浓度有意高于在自然环境中发现的浓度。三种类型的采样器测量了整个系统的尺寸分布和活菌浓度。结果表明产生了低水平的可吸入生物气溶胶。被有效雾化的细菌污染物的比率(细菌水对空气的分配系数,PC bwa )很低 - 平均为 1。B. diminuta 为 13×10-5 L m-3,铜绿假单胞菌为 8.31×10-6 L m-3。然而,雾化生物的可呼吸部分很高,两种生物的平均水平都在 94% 以上(淋浴时)和 99% 以上(下游)。该研究发现面向前与面向后的个体的生物气溶胶负荷没有显着差异。此外,对于平均热水淋浴 (33-43°C),可吸入生物气溶胶的总数较高,但与较低温度相比,观察到的这些气溶胶细胞的可培养性较低。计算细菌水与空气的分配系数以预测微生物空气浓度,这些经验参数可用于评估作为接触污染水中病原体的途径的吸入。雾化生物的可呼吸部分很高,两种生物的平均水平都在 94% 以上(淋浴时)和 99% 以上(下游)。该研究发现面向前与面向后的个体的生物气溶胶负荷没有显着差异。此外,对于平均热水淋浴 (33-43°C),可吸入生物气溶胶的总数较高,但与较低温度相比,观察到的这些气溶胶细胞的可培养性较低。计算细菌水与空气的分配系数以预测微生物空气浓度,这些经验参数可用于评估作为接触污染水中病原体的途径的吸入。雾化生物的可呼吸部分很高,两种生物的平均水平都在 94% 以上(淋浴时)和 99% 以上(下游)。该研究发现面向前与面向后的个体的生物气溶胶负荷没有显着差异。此外,对于平均热水淋浴 (33-43°C),可吸入生物气溶胶的总数较高,但与较低温度相比,观察到的这些气溶胶细胞的可培养性较低。计算细菌水与空气的分配系数以预测微生物空气浓度,这些经验参数可用于评估作为接触污染水中病原体的途径的吸入。该研究发现面向前与面向后的个体的生物气溶胶负荷没有显着差异。此外,对于平均热水淋浴 (33-43°C),可吸入生物气溶胶的总数较高,但与较低温度相比,观察到的这些气溶胶细胞的可培养性较低。计算细菌水与空气的分配系数以预测微生物空气浓度,这些经验参数可用于评估作为接触污染水中病原体的途径的吸入。该研究发现面向前与面向后的个体的生物气溶胶负荷没有显着差异。此外,对于平均热水淋浴 (33-43°C),可吸入生物气溶胶的总数较高,但与较低温度相比,观察到的这些气溶胶细胞的可培养性较低。计算细菌水与空气的分配系数以预测微生物空气浓度,这些经验参数可用于评估作为接触污染水中病原体的途径的吸入。
更新日期:2017-12-01
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