At nanoscale, man-made materials may show unique properties that differ from bulk and dissolved counterparts. The unique properties of engineered nanomaterials not only impart critical advantages but also confer toxicity because of their unwanted interactions with different biological compartments and cellular processes. In this review, we discuss various entry routes of nanomaterials in the human body, their applications in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying their toxicity. We further explore the passage of nanomaterials into air, water, and soil ecosystems, resulting in diverse environmental impacts. Briefly, we probe the available strategies for risk assessment and risk management to assist in reducing the occupational risks of potentially hazardous engineered nanomaterials including the control banding (CB) approach. Moreover, we substantiate the need for uniform guidelines for systematic analysis of nanomaterial toxicity, in silico toxicological investigations, and obligation to ensure the safe disposal of nanowaste to reduce or eliminate untoward environmental and health impacts. At the end, we scrutinize global regulatory trends, hurdles, and efforts to develop better regulatory sciences in the field of nanomedicines.

中文翻译：

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日常生活中的纳米颗粒：应用，毒性和法规。

在纳米级，人造材料可能会显示出与大量和溶解的对应物不同的独特属性。工程纳米材料的独特性能不仅具有关键优势，而且由于其与不同的生物区隔和细胞过程之间的有害相互作用而具有毒性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了纳米材料在人体中的各种进入途径，它们在日常生活中的应用以及其毒性的潜在机制。我们进一步探索纳米材料进入空气，水和土壤生态系统的途径，从而产生各种环境影响。简而言之，我们探讨了风险评估和风险管理的可用策略，以帮助降低潜在危险的工程纳米材料的职业风险，包括控制带（CB）方法。而且，我们证实需要对纳米材料毒性进行系统分析，计算机毒理学调查的统一指导方针，并有义务确保安全处置纳米废物，以减少或消除不利的环境和健康影响。最后，我们仔细研究了全球监管趋势，障碍以及在纳米药物领域发展更好的监管科学的努力。