Cancer is a disease resulting from the deregulation of cell growth control, caused by an interaction between dietary, genetic, and environmental risk factors. Melanoma accounts for about 4% of cancers diagnosed; however they represent 75% of skin cancer-related deaths, with the incidence and death rates having increased globally over the past few decades. Spondias cytherea is a plant from the family Anacardiaceae. Its usage in the treatment of wounds, sores, and burns is reported from several countries, but the anticancer effects of the fruit have not yet been studied. We thus set out to evaluate the effects of S. cytherea fruit extract (SpE) on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the mouse melanoma model. B16-F10 cells cultured in varying concentrations of SpE showed a dose-dependent reduction in the ability to form colonies, which then migrate to fill up the wounded area. SpE downregulated the expression of AKT/nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase-2 (Akt/NF-κB/COX-2) responsible for cell proliferation, and reduced CD133 expression. This led to in vivo tumor shrinkage at the dose of 450 mg/kg body weight (bw). Low-level expression of vimentin on mesenchymal cells and increased E-cadherin expression on epithelial cells were observed in treated cells. The number of vasculogenic mimicry tubes that formed also decreased significantly at 450 mg/kg bw. These results suggest that S. cytherea fruit can become a useful source for chemotherapeutic drugs in the future.

中文翻译：

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Scydias cytherea果实提取物对小鼠黑色素瘤体内和体外的细胞毒性作用。

癌症是由于饮食，遗传和环境风险因素之间相互作用而引起的细胞生长控制失调所致的疾病。黑色素瘤约占诊断出的癌症的4％。然而，它们占皮肤癌相关死亡的75％，在过去几十年中，全球的发病率和死亡率均在上升。Spondias cytherea是一种来自Anacardiaceae的植物。据报道，有几个国家将其用于伤口，疮和烧伤的治疗，但尚未对该水果的抗癌作用进行研究。因此，我们着手评估鼠李素葡萄球菌果实提取物（SpE）对小鼠黑色素瘤模型中上皮向间质转化的影响。在不同浓度的SpE中培养的B16-F10细胞在形成菌落的能力方面呈剂量依赖性降低，然后迁移以填满受伤的区域。SpE下调负责细胞增殖的AKT /核因子κB/环氧合酶2（Akt /NF-κB/ COX-2）的表达，并降低CD133的表达。这导致以450 mg / kg体重（bw）的剂量体内肿瘤缩小。在处理过的细胞中观察到波形蛋白在间充质细胞上的低水平表达和上皮细胞上的E-钙粘蛋白表达增加。在450 mg / kg bw时，形成的血管生成模拟管的数量也显着减少。这些结果表明，S。cytherea果实将来可以成为化学治疗药物的有用来源。这导致以450 mg / kg体重（bw）的剂量体内肿瘤缩小。在处理过的细胞中观察到波形蛋白在间充质细胞上的低水平表达和上皮细胞上的E-钙粘蛋白表达增加。在450 mg / kg bw时，形成的血管生成模拟管的数量也显着减少。这些结果表明，S。cytherea果实将来可以成为化学治疗药物的有用来源。这导致体内肿瘤在剂量为450 mg / kg体重（bw）时缩小。在处理过的细胞中观察到波形蛋白在间充质细胞上的低水平表达和上皮细胞上的E-钙粘蛋白表达增加。在450 mg / kg bw时，形成的血管生成模拟管的数量也显着减少。这些结果表明，S。cytherea果实将来可以成为化学治疗药物的有用来源。