ABSTRACT Roughing filters have been successfully employed as a pretreatment method in rural water supply, but few studies have reported the performance of up-flow roughing filters (URFs) packed with ceramic media. In this study, two pilot-scale URFs filled with ceramic media were designed. Filter performance, height profiles and head loss development were fully investigated. The average DOC, UV254 absorbance, NH4+-N and total bacterial counts removal efficiencies of filters were found to be close to 8%, 10%, 70% and 0.6 log (75%), respectively. Both filters could remove about 60–90% of turbidity with influent turbidity ranging from 1 to 500 NTU and high removal efficiencies (∼60%) were achieved when influent turbidity was lower than 2.5 NTU at a hydraulic load up to 2 m h−1. Height profiles revealed that UV254 absorbance, NH4+-N and turbidity were primarily removed in the former part of filter columns and that the separated solids stored within 20 cm of ceramic media layer above the bottom contributed to over 90% of total head loss. Filter run times were estimated to be around 60–80 days with a maximum head loss of 30 cm and an average influent turbidity of 10 NTU. The results indicated that the two URFs, combining low-cost operation and simple maintenance with good performance, were well suited to small waterworks in rural areas. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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用于农村地区饮用水预处理的生物上流式粗滤器的研究：以陶瓷介质为过滤材料

摘要粗滤器已成功用作农村供水的预处理方法，但很少有研究报告填充陶瓷介质的上流式粗滤器 (URF) 的性能。在这项研究中，设计了两个充满陶瓷介质的中试规模的 URF。对过滤器性能、高度分布和水头损失发展进行了全面调查。发现过滤器的平均 DOC、UV254 吸光度、NH4+-N 和细菌总数去除效率分别接近 8%、10%、70% 和 0.6 log (75%)。两种过滤器都可以去除大约 60-90% 的浊度，进水浊度范围为 1 到 500 NTU，当进水浊度低于 2.5 NTU 时，在高达 2 m h-1 的水力负载下，实现了高去除效率（~60%）。高度剖面显示 UV254 吸光度、NH4+-N 和浊度主要在过滤柱的前部去除，分离的固体储存在底部以上陶瓷介质层 20 cm 内，占总水头损失的 90% 以上。过滤器运行时间估计约为 60-80 天，最大水头损失为 30 厘米，平均进水浊度为 10 NTU。结果表明，这两种URF具有运行成本低、维护简单、性能优良的特点，非常适合农村地区的小型水厂。图形概要 过滤器运行时间估计约为 60-80 天，最大水头损失为 30 厘米，平均进水浊度为 10 NTU。结果表明，这两种URF具有运行成本低、维护简单、性能优良的特点，非常适合农村地区的小型水厂。图形概要 过滤器运行时间估计约为 60-80 天，最大水头损失为 30 厘米，平均进水浊度为 10 NTU。结果表明，这两种URF具有运行成本低、维护简单、性能优良的特点，非常适合农村地区的小型水厂。图形概要