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Carbon budgets of potential tropical perennial grass cropping scenarios for bioenergy feedstock production.
Carbon Balance and Management ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-24 , DOI: 10.1186/s13021-018-0102-8
Meghan Pawlowski 1 , Manyowa N Meki 2 , James R Kiniry 3 , Susan E Crow 1
Affiliation  

The environmental costs of fossil fuel consumption are globally recognized, opening many pathways for the development of regional portfolio solutions for sustainable replacement fuel and energy options. The purpose of this study was to create a baseline carbon (C) budget of a conventionally managed sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) production system on Maui, Hawaii, and compare it to three different future energy cropping scenarios: (1) conventional sugarcane with a 50% deficit irrigation (sugarcane 50%), (2) ratoon harvested napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) with 100% irrigation (napier 100%), and (3) ratoon harvested napiergrass with a 50% deficit irrigation (napier 50%). The differences among cropping scenarios for the fossil fuel-based emissions associated with agricultural inputs and field operations were small compared to the differences associated with pre-harvest burn emissions and soil C stock under ratoon harvest and zero-tillage management. Burn emissions were nearly 2000 kg Ceq ha−1 year−1 in the conventional sugarcane; whereas soil C gains were approximately 4500 kg Ceq ha−1 year−1 in the surface layer of the soil profile for napiergrass. Further, gains in deep soil profile C were nearly three times greater than in the surface layer. Therefore, net global warming potential was greatest for conventional sugarcane and least for napier 50% when deep profile soil C was included. Per unit of biomass yield, the most greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive scenario was sugarcane 50% with a GHG Index (GHGI, positive values imply a climate impact, so a more negative value is preferable for climate change mitigation) of 0.11 and the least intensive was napiergrass 50% when a deep soil profile was included (GHGI = − 0.77). Future scenarios for energy or fuel production on former sugarcane land across the Pacific Basin or other volcanic islands should concentrate on ratoon-harvested crops that maintain yields under zero-tillage management for long intervals between kill harvest and reduce costs of field operations and agricultural input requirements. For napiergrass on Maui and elsewhere, deficit irrigation maximized climate change mitigation of the system and reduced water use should be part of planning a sustainable, diversified agricultural landscape.

中文翻译:

用于生物能源原料生产的潜在热带多年生草种植情景的碳预算。

化石燃料消耗的环境成本已得到全球认可,为开发可持续的替代燃料和能源选择的区域投资组合解决方案开辟了许多途径。这项研究的目的是创建夏威夷毛伊岛上常规管理的甘蔗生产系统的基准碳(C)预算,并将其与三种不同的未来能源种植情景进行比较:(1)常规甘蔗与50亏缺灌溉百分比(甘蔗50%),(2)再生收获的长鼻草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach。)100%灌溉(纳皮尔100%),(3)再生长收获的长鼻草50%缺水灌溉(纳皮尔50%)。与农业投入和田间作业相关的基于化石燃料的排放的种植情景之间的差异很小,而与再生作物和零耕管理下的收获前燃烧排放和土壤碳库相关的差异较小。传统甘蔗的燃烧排放量接近2000千克Ceq ha-1年-1。相比之下,在棉兰的土壤剖面表层,土壤碳的增加约为4500 kg Ceq ha-1 year-1。此外,深层土壤剖面C的增益几乎是表层的三倍。因此,当包括深剖面土壤C时,常规甘蔗的全球净变暖潜能最大,而napier的则为50%。每单位生物量产量,最密集的温室气体排放情景是甘蔗50%,温室气体排放指数(GHGI,正值表示对气候的影响,因此,如果减缓气候变化的影响,则负值最好为0.11,而包括较深的土壤剖面时(GHGI =-0.77),最不密集的值为Napiergrass 50%。在整个太平洋盆地或其他火山岛上的前甘蔗地上生产能源或燃料的未来方案应集中在再生农作物上,使其在零耕管理下保持单产,在杀伤性收获之间保持较长的间隔,并降低田间作业的成本和农业投入需求。对于毛伊岛和其他地方的虎杖草来说,亏水灌溉可以最大程度地缓解气候变化,并减少用水量,这应该成为规划可持续的多元化农业景观的一部分。11和最不密集的是包含较深的土壤剖面(GHGI =-0.77)的藤黄50%。在整个太平洋盆地或其他火山岛上的前甘蔗地上生产能源或燃料的未来方案应集中在再生农作物上,使其在零耕管理下保持单产,在杀伤性收获之间保持较长的间隔,并降低田间作业的成本和农业投入需求。对于毛伊岛和其他地方的虎杖草来说,亏水灌溉可以最大程度地缓解气候变化,并减少用水量,这应该成为规划可持续的多元化农业景观的一部分。11和最不密集的是包含较深的土壤剖面(GHGI =-0.77)的藤黄50%。在整个太平洋盆地或其他火山岛上的前甘蔗地上生产能源或燃料的未来方案应集中在再生农作物上,使其在零耕管理下保持单产,在杀伤性收获之间保持较长的间隔,并降低田间作业的成本和农业投入需求。对于毛伊岛和其他地方的虎杖草来说,亏水灌溉可以最大程度地缓解气候变化,并减少用水量,这应该成为规划可持续的多元化农业景观的一部分。在整个太平洋盆地或其他火山岛上的前甘蔗地上生产能源或燃料的未来方案应集中在再生农作物上,使其在零耕管理下保持单产,在杀伤性收获之间保持较长的间隔,并降低田间作业的成本和农业投入需求。对于毛伊岛和其他地方的虎杖草,亏水灌溉可以最大程度地缓解气候变化,并减少用水量,这应该成为规划可持续的多元化农业景观的一部分。在整个太平洋盆地或其他火山岛上的前甘蔗地上生产能源或燃料的未来方案应集中在再生农作物上,使其在零耕管理下保持单产,在杀伤性收获之间保持较长的间隔,并降低田间作业的成本和农业投入需求。对于毛伊岛和其他地方的虎杖草来说,亏水灌溉可以最大程度地缓解气候变化,并减少用水量,这应该成为规划可持续的多元化农业景观的一部分。
更新日期:2018-09-24
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