Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinases essential for the onset and progression of mitosis. Aurora members share a similar protein structure and kinase activity, but exhibit distinct cellular and subcellular localization. AurA favors the G2/M transition by promoting centrosome maturation and mitotic spindle assembly. AurB and AurC are chromosome-passenger complex proteins, crucial for chromosome binding to kinetochores and segregation of chromosomes. Cellular distribution of AurB is ubiquitous, while AurC expression is mainly restricted to meiotically-active germ cells. In human tumors, all Aurora kinase members play oncogenic roles related to their mitotic activity and promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, AurA plays tumor-promoting roles unrelated to mitosis, including tumor stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion. In this review, we aim to understand the functional interplay of Aurora kinases in various types of human cells, including tumor cells. The understanding of the functional diversity of Aurora kinases could help to evaluate their relevance as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.

中文翻译：

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Aurora激酶的功能多样性：全面综述。

极光激酶是丝裂/苏氨酸激酶，对于有丝分裂的发生和发展必不可少。极光成员共享相似的蛋白质结构和激酶活性，但表现出不同的细胞和亚细胞定位。AurA通过促进中心体成熟和有丝分裂纺锤体组装来促进G2 / M过渡。AurB和AurC是染色体-客体复合蛋白，对于染色体与动植物的结合和染色体的分离至关重要。AurB的细胞分布普遍存在，而AurC的表达主要限于减数分裂活跃的生殖细胞。在人类肿瘤中，所有Aurora激酶成员均发挥与其有丝分裂活性相关的致癌作用，并促进癌细胞的存活和增殖。此外，AurA发挥了与有丝分裂无关的促肿瘤作用，包括肿瘤干，上皮到间质的过渡和侵袭。在这篇综述中，我们旨在了解Aurora激酶在各种类型的人类细胞（包括肿瘤细胞）中的功能相互作用。对Aurora激酶功能多样性的理解可能有助于评估其作为癌症潜在治疗靶标的相关性。