Pollutants can be reduced, ameliorated, or assimilated when riparian ecosystems have the vegetation, water, and soil/landform needed for riparian functions. Loss of physical form and ecological function unravels assimilation processes, increasing supply and transport of pollutants. Water quality and aquatic organisms are response measures of accumulated upstream discharges, and ultimately of changes in riparian functions. Thus, water quality monitoring often fails to identify or lags behind many causes of pollution or remediation from riparian degradation. This paper reviews the interagency riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment for lotic (running water) riparian ecosystems and outlines connections between PFC and water quality attributes (sediment, nutrients, temperature, and dissolved oxygen [DO]). The PFC interaction of hydrology, vegetation, and soils/landforms influences water quality by dissipating energy associated with high waterflow, thereby reducing vertical instability and lateral erosion while developing floodplains with captured sediment and nutrients. Slowing flood water enables aquifer recharge, deposition, and plant nutrient uptake. Water-loving, densely rooted streambank stabilizing vegetation and/or wood helps integrate riparian functions to maintain channel pattern, profile, and dimension with characteristics for a diversity of habitats. A complex food web helps slow the nutrient spiral with uptake and storage. Temperature fluctuations are dampened by delayed discharges, narrower and deeper active channels, coarser substrates that enhance hyporheic interchange, and shade from riparian vegetation. After assessment and implementation, monitoring recovery of impaired riparian function attributes (e.g., streambank plant species) naturally focuses on persistent drivers of water quality and aquatic habitat. This provides timely environmental indicators of stream ecological health and water quality remediation projects or land management.

中文翻译：

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河岸正常功能状况评估，以改善流域水质管理

当河岸生态系统具有河岸功能所需的植被、水和土壤/地貌时，污染物可以减少、改善或同化。物理形态和生态功能的丧失破坏了同化过程，增加了污染物的供应和运输。水质和水生生物是上游累积排放量以及最终河岸功能变化的响应措施。因此，水质监测往往无法识别或滞后于造成污染或河岸退化修复的许多原因。本文回顾了流水（流水）河岸生态系统的机构间河岸正常功能条件（PFC）评估，并概述了 PFC 与水质属性（沉积物、营养物、温度和溶解氧 [DO]）之间的联系。PFC 与水文、植被和土壤/地貌的相互作用通过耗散与高水流相关的能量来影响水质，从而减少垂直不稳定和侧向侵蚀，同时利用捕获的沉积物和养分开发洪泛区。减缓洪水可以促进含水层的补给、沉积和植物养分的吸收。喜水、根系茂密的河岸稳定植被和/或木材有助于整合河岸功能，以维持河道格局、轮廓和尺寸，并具有多种栖息地的特征。复杂的食物网有助于减缓营养物质的吸收和储存螺旋。延迟排放、更窄和更深的活动通道、增强潜流交换的粗糙基质以及河岸植被的遮荫都抑制了温度波动。评估和实施后，监测受损河岸功能属性（例如河岸植物物种）的恢复自然侧重于水质和水生栖息地的持续驱动因素。这提供了河流生态健康和水质修复项目或土地管理的及时环境指标。