In two studies, we took a prospect–refuge based perspective to investigate how lighting and other physical attributes (i.e., prospect, concealment, and entrapment) affect people’s judgments of the safety of urban streets during nighttime. Both studies complement existing research, which predominantly use factorial designs, with more ecologically valid correlational research using a large and representative sample of urban streets as stimulus materials. Results from Study 1 corroborate existing research demonstrating that differences in prospect, concealment, and entrapment predicted, to a large extent, variation in the perceived safety of urban streets—thus demonstrating the utility of such environmental information for making safety judgments in real-life settings. Results from a mediation analysis conducted in Study 2 showed that the relation between appraisals of lighting quality and safety judgments was completely accounted for by co-occurring variation in appraisals of prospect and entrapment. Implications for theory and methodology are discussed.

中文翻译：

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照明安全：调查照明评估对城市环境中安全感知的作用

在两项研究中，我们采用了基于前景-避难所的视角来调查照明和其他物理属性（即前景、隐蔽和诱捕）如何影响人们对夜间城市街道安全的判断。这两项研究补充了主要使用因子设计的现有研究，以及使用大量且具有代表性的城市街道样本作为刺激材料的更具生态学有效性的相关研究。研究 1 的结果证实了现有研究，表明前景、隐藏和诱捕的差异在很大程度上预测了城市街道感知安全性的变化——从而证明了这些环境信息在现实生活环境中做出安全判断的效用. 研究 2 中进行的中介分析的结果表明，照明质量评估与安全判断之间的关系完全由前景和诱捕评估中的同时发生变化来解释。讨论了对理论和方法的影响。