ABSTRACT Waste generation from healthcare facilities now has become a concerning issue as it contain plastic and metals. Medicine wrappers are one of the major portions of healthcare solid waste, which impel intensive solid waste management practice due to fewer possibilities of deriving by-products. However, it can be recycled and used as an electrode material in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). An electrode material for application in MFCs is a crucial component, which governs total fabrication cost as well as power recovery, thus a cost-effective, stable and durable electrode is essential. In this endeavour, a new metallic (aluminium) waste material, a waste medicine wrapper (WMW), was evaluated for feasibility to be used as anode/cathode in MFCs. Based on the stability test under corrosive environment (1 N KCl), the WMW electrode sustained a maximum current of 46 mA during cyclic voltammetry (CV) and noted only 14% reduction in current at an applied voltage of +0.4 V after 2500 s in chronoamperometry, indicating its good stability. Power recovery from MFC using WMW was higher than the MFC using bare carbon felt as an anode (27 vs. 21 mW/m2). The entire analytical test results viz. CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and power performance established WMW as an excellent anode rather than cathode material. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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废药包装材料作为微生物燃料电池高效低成本电极材料的利用

摘要 医疗机构产生的废物现在已成为一个令人担忧的问题，因为它含有塑料和金属。药品包装纸是医疗固体废物的主要组成部分之一，由于产生副产品的可能性较小，因此推动了密集的固体废物管理实践。然而，它可以回收并用作微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 的电极材料。用于 MFC 的电极材料是一个关键的组成部分，它控制着总制造成本和功率回收，因此具有成本效益、稳定和耐用的电极是必不可少的。在这项努力中，评估了一种新的金属（铝）废料，即废药包装材料 (WMW)，其在 MFC 中用作阳极/阴极的可行性。基于腐蚀性环境（1 N KCl）下的稳定性测试，WMW 电极在循环伏安法 (CV) 期间维持了 46 mA 的最大电流，并且注意到在计时电流法 2500 秒后施加 +0.4 V 电压时电流仅降低 14%，表明其稳定性良好。使用 WMW 的 MFC 的功率回收率高于使用裸碳毡作为阳极的 MFC（27 与 21 mW/m2）。整个分析测试结果即。CV、电化学阻抗谱和功率性能使 WMW 成为一种优异的阳极而不是阴极材料。图形概要 整个分析测试结果即。CV、电化学阻抗谱和功率性能使 WMW 成为一种优异的阳极而不是阴极材料。图形概要 整个分析测试结果即。CV、电化学阻抗谱和功率性能使 WMW 成为一种优异的阳极而不是阴极材料。图形概要