Remarkable progress in a range of biomedical disciplines has promoted the understanding of the cellular components of the autonomic nervous system and their differentiation during development to a critical level. Characterization of the gene expression fingerprints of individual neurons and identification of the key regulators of autonomic neuron differentiation enables us to comprehend the development of different sets of autonomic neurons. Their individual functional properties emerge as a consequence of differential gene expression initiated by the action of specific developmental regulators. In this review, we delineate the anatomical and physiological observations that led to the subdivision into sympathetic and parasympathetic domains and analyze how the recent molecular insights melt into and challenge the classical description of the autonomic nervous system.

中文翻译：

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同情故事：自主神经系统的细分和发育研究的影响。

一系列生物医学学科的显着进展将自主神经系统的细胞成分及其发育过程中的分化的理解提升到了关键水平。单个神经元基因表达指纹的表征和自主神经元分化的关键调节因子的识别使我们能够理解不同组自主神经元的发育。它们各自的功能特性是由特定发育调节因子的作用引发的差异基因表达的结果。在这篇综述中，我们描述了导致交感神经和副交感神经域细分的解剖学和生理学观察，并分析了最近的分子见解如何融入和挑战自主神经系统的经典描述。