The paper estimates and compares the level of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) payments required to compensate for the opportunity costs (OCs) of stopping the conversion of montane forest and miombo woodlands into cropland in two agro-ecological zones in Morogoro Region in Tanzania. Data collected from 250 households were used for OC estimation. REDD+ payment was estimated as the net present value (NPV) of agricultural rent and forest rent during land clearing, minus net returns from sustainable wood harvest, divided by the corresponding reduction in carbon stock. The median compensation required to protect the current carbon stock in the two vegetation types ranged from USD 1 tCO₂e⁻¹ for the montane forest to USD 39 tCO₂e⁻¹ for the degraded miombo woodlands, of which up to 70 % and 16 %, respectively, were for compensating OCs from forest rent during land clearing. The figures were significantly higher when the cost of farmers’ own labor was not taken into account in NPV calculations. The results also highlighted that incentives in the form of sustainable harvests could offset up to 55 % of the total median OC to protect the montane forest and up to 45 % to protect the miombo woodlands, depending on the wage rates. The findings suggest that given the possible factors that can potentially affect estimates of REDD+ payments, avoiding deforestation of the montane forest would be feasible under the REDD+ scheme. However, implementation of the policy in villages around the miombo area would require very high compensation levels.

中文翻译：

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在坦桑尼亚减少森林砍伐和退化所致排放量（REDD）+缓解气候变化的计划下，采取了货币激励措施来避免森林砍伐。

本文估算并比较了为补偿在莫罗哥罗地区的两个农业生态区中停止山地森林和密博姆林地向农田转变的机会成本（OC）所需的森林砍伐和退化所产生的减排量（REDD +）。坦桑尼亚。从250户家庭收集的数据用于OC估算。REDD +支付额估计为土地清理期间农业租金和森林租金的净现值（NPV），减去可持续木材采伐的净收益，再除以相应的碳储量减少。保护两种植被中当前碳储量所需的中位数补偿范围从山地森林的1美元tCO ₂ e ^-1到39美元tCO ₂ e^-1用于退化的Miombo林地，其中分别高达70％和16％用于补偿土地清理期间森林租金中的OC。如果在净现值计算中不考虑农民自己的劳动力成本，则该数字要高得多。结果还强调，可持续采伐形式的激励措施可以抵消保护山地森林的总中值OC的55％，保护米诺博林地的高达45％，具体取决于工资率。研究结果表明，鉴于可能影响REDD +付款估算的可能因素，在REDD +计划下避免山地森林砍伐是可行的。但是，在密欧博地区周围的村庄实施该政策将需要很高的补偿水平。