Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but it also occurs in nonclinical samples (Briere & Gil, 1998), inflicting serious harm and serving as a precursor to suicide attempts (Klonsky, May, & Glenn, 2013). Therefore, the DSM-5 proposed a nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSID) and suicidal behavior disorder. Because this addition requires reconciliation with current BPD criteria, the authors' study evaluated type and frequency of NSSI and suicide attempts in 3,795 outpatients. Both were found in those without BPD, although the behaviors increased when some symptoms and full criteria for BPD were met. Wound/skin picking, scratching, and hitting were most common. Cutting was the fifth most common self-injury for those with BPD and the eighth most common for those without the disorder. Therefore, increased clinical attention is warranted for such self-injury, which may go unnoticed but indicate significant distress. Findings suggest that NSSID/suicidal behavior disorder may account for self-injury outside of BPD.

中文翻译：

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非自杀性自残和自杀：有和没有边缘性人格障碍的人之间的差异。

非自杀性自残（NSSI）与边缘性人格障碍（BPD）相关，但它也发生在非临床样本中（Briere＆Gil，1998），造成严重伤害并成为自杀未遂的先兆（Klonsky，May，＆Glenn ，2013）。因此，DSM-5提出了非自杀性自我伤害障碍​​（NSSID）和自杀行为障碍。由于这种添加需要与当前的BPD标准保持一致，因此作者的研究评估了3795名门诊患者的NSSI类型和发生频率以及自杀未遂。两者均在没有BPD的患者中发现，尽管当满足某些症状和BPD的完全标准时行为会增加。伤口/皮肤的拾取，抓挠和击打是最常见的。对于患有BPD的人来说，割伤是第五最常见的自残，对于没有这种疾病的人，割伤是第八最常见。因此，对于这种自我伤害，应引起更多的临床关注，这种自我伤害可能不会引起注意，但表示严重的痛苦。研究结果表明，NSSID /自杀行为障碍可能是BPD以外的人身伤害的原因。