The advance of reliable and eco-friendly strategies for the development of nanoparticles is a fundamental key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been continuously evaluated and have been used in many industrial applications for a decade. In particular, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has received a great interest because of various properties such as UV filter properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. Because of the high rate of poisonous chemicals and the extreme surroundings used within the chemical and physical methods, the green techniques have been adopted using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, this paper considers various green synthesis methods to provide the evidence of ZnO NP role to several applications, and in addition, biomedical applications and toxic effect were reviewed. Therefore, the paper used various secondary sources to collect the relevant review articles. From the findings, the green route of synthesis is rather safe and eco-friendly when compared to physical and chemical means of synthesis. On the other hand, its biomedical applications in this sector are increased day by day in various processes including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. With respect to its toxicity properties, ZnO NPs can act as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as a talented substitute for antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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ZnO NPs 的绿色合成、生物医学应用和毒性研究综述。

推进可靠且环保的纳米颗粒开发策略是纳米技术学科的关键。十年来，纳米粒子不断得到评估，并已在许多工业应用中使用。特别是，氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）的作用因其多种特性（例如紫外线过滤特性以及光化学、抗真菌、高催化剂和抗菌活性）而受到了极大的关注。由于化学和物理方法中有毒化学物质的高比例和极端环境，已采用绿色技术利用植物、真菌、细菌和藻类来合成纳米颗粒。因此，本文考虑了各种绿色合成方法，为ZnO NP在多种应用中的作用提供证据，此外，还对生物医学应用和毒性作用进行了综述。因此，本文利用各种二手来源收集相关评论文章。研究结果表明，与物理、化学合成方法相比，绿色合成路线相当安全、环保。另一方面，其在生物医学领域的应用在生物成像、药物递送、生物传感器和基因递送等各个过程中日益增加。就其毒性而言，ZnO NPs 可以作为对抗多种耐药微生物的智能武器，并作为抗生素的优秀替代品。