Northern corn leaf spot and southern corn leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus carbonum (anamorph, Bipolaris zeicola) and Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph, Bipolaris maydis), respectively, are common maize diseases in Korea. Accurate detection of plant pathogens is necessary for effective disease management. Based on the polyketide synthase gene (PKS) of Cochliobolus carbonum and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene (NRPS) of Cochliobolus heterostrophus, primer pairs were designed for PCR to simultaneously detect the two fungal pathogens and were specific and sensitive enough to be used for duplex PCR analysis. This duplex PCR-based method was found to be effective for diagnosing simultaneous infections from the two Cochliobolus species that display similar morphological and mycological characteristics. With this method, it is possible to prevent infections in maize by detecting infected seeds or maize and discarding them. Besides saving time and effort, early diagnosis can help to prevent infections, establish comprehensive management systems, and secure healthy seeds.

中文翻译：

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玉米中耳蜗真菌病原体的简单检测。

北方玉米叶斑病和由南方玉米叶枯病旋孢腔菌carbonum（无性型，蠕zeicola）和旋孢腔菌heterostrophus（无性型，蠕玉米小斑病），分别是在韩国普通玉米疾病。准确检测植物病原体是有效控制疾病的必要条件。基于所述聚酮化合物合酶基因（PKS）旋孢腔菌carbonum和的非核糖体肽合成酶基因（NRPS）旋孢腔菌heterostrophus引物对设计用于PCR，以同时检测两种真菌病原体，并且具有足够的特异性和敏感性，可用于双链PCR分析。已发现这种基于双链PCR的方法可有效地诊断来自表现出相似形态学和真菌学特征的两个耳蜗属动物的同时感染。利用这种方法，可以通过检测被感染的种子或玉米并丢弃它们来防止玉米中的感染。除了节省时间和精力之外，早期诊断还可以帮助防止感染，建立全面的管理系统并保护健康的种子。