Green chemistry approaches for designing therapeutically significant nanomedicine have gained considerable attention in the past decade. Herein, we report for the first time on anticancer potential of phytogenic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using a medicinal plant Gloriosa superba tuber extract (GSTE). The synthesis of the nanoparticles was completed within 5 hours at 100°C which was confirmed by development of dark brown and black colour for PtNPs and PdNPs, respectively, along with enhancement of the peak intensity in the UV-visible spectra. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the monodispersed spherical nanoparticles were within a size range below 10 nm. Energy dispersive spectra (EDS) confirmed the elemental composition, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) helped to evaluate the hydrodynamic size of the particles. Anticancer activity against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. PtNPs and PdNPs showed 49.65 ± 1.99% and 36.26 ± 0.91% of anticancer activity. Induction of apoptosis was most predominant in the underlying mechanism which was rationalized by externalization of phosphatidyl serine and membrane blebbing. These findings support the efficiency of phytogenic fabrication of nanoscale platinum and palladium drugs for management and therapy against breast cancer.

中文翻译：

---

Gloriosa superba介导的铂和钯纳米颗粒的合成诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡。

在过去的十年中，用于设计具有治疗意义的纳米药物的绿色化学方法受到了广泛的关注。在这里，我们首次报道了使用药用植物Gloriosa superba的植物性铂纳米颗粒（PtNPs）和钯纳米颗粒（PdNPs）的抗癌潜力。块茎提取物（GSTE）。纳米粒子的合成在100°C下在5小时内完成，这可以通过分别形成PtNPs和PdNPs的深棕色和黑色以及紫外可见光谱中峰强度的增强来确认。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）显示，单分散球形纳米颗粒的尺寸范围在10 nm以下。能量色散光谱（EDS）确认了元素组成，而动态光散射（DLS）有助于评估颗粒的流体动力学尺寸。使用MTT分析，流式细胞术和共聚焦显微镜评估了针对MCF-7（人乳腺癌）的细胞系的抗癌活性。PtNPs和PdNPs显示出49.65±1.99％和36.26±0.91％的抗癌活性。凋亡的诱导在基本机制中最主要，其通过磷脂酰丝氨酸的外在化和膜起泡而合理化。这些发现支持了植物生长制备纳米级铂和钯药物以治疗和治疗乳腺癌的效率。