Fusarium is a diverse assemblage that includes a large number of species of considerable medical and agricultural importance. Not surprisingly, whole genome sequences for many Fusarium species have been published or are in the process of being determined, the availability of which is invaluable for deciphering the genetic basis of key phenotypic traits. Here we investigated the distribution, genic composition, and evolutionary history of a locus potentially determining growth rate in the pitch canker pathogen F. circinatum. We found that the genomic region underlying this locus is highly conserved amongst F. circinatum and its close relatives, except for the presence of a 12 000 base pair insertion in all of the examined isolates of F. circinatum. This insertion encodes for five genes and our phylogenetic analyses revealed that each was most likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer from polyphyletic origins. Our data further showed that this region is located in a region low in G+C content and enriched for repetitive sequences and transposable elements, which is situated near the telomere of Chromosome 3 of F. circinatum. As have been shown for other fungi, these findings thus suggest that the emergence of the unique 12 000 bp region in F. circinatum is linked to the dynamic evolutionary processes associated with subtelomeres that, in turn, have been implicated in the ecological adaptation of fungal pathogens.

中文翻译：

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与圆形镰刀菌生长速率相关的亚端粒亚基因座的多个独立起源。

镰刀菌是多种多样的组合，其中包括大量具有重要医学和农业意义的物种。毫不奇怪，许多镰刀菌属物种的全基因组序列已经发表或正在确定中，其可用性对于破译关键表型性状的遗传基础是无价的。在这里，我们调查了可能决定沥青溃疡病原体圆环镰刀菌生长速率的基因座的分布，基因组成和进化史。我们发现该基因座下的基因组区域在圆环镰刀菌及其近亲中高度保守，除了在所有圆环镰刀菌的检查菌株中存在12000个碱基对的插入之外。此插入编码5个基因，我们的系统发育分析表明，每个基因最有可能通过从多系统起源的水平基因转移获得。我们的数据进一步表明，该区域位于G + C含量低的区域，富含重复序列和转座因子，该区域位于圆环镰刀菌3号染色体的端粒附近。正如其他真菌所显示的那样，这些发现表明，圆环镰刀菌中独特的12000 bp区域的出现与亚端粒相关的动态进化过程有关，而亚端粒又与真菌的生态适应有关。病原体。我们的数据进一步表明，该区域位于G + C含量低的区域，富含重复序列和转座因子，该区域位于圆环镰刀菌3号染色体的端粒附近。正如其他真菌所显示的那样，这些发现表明，圆环镰刀菌中独特的12000 bp区域的出现与亚端粒相关的动态进化过程有关，而亚端粒又与真菌的生态适应有关。病原体。我们的数据进一步表明，该区域位于G + C含量低的区域，并且富含重复序列和转座因子，该区域位于圆环镰刀菌3号染色体的端粒附近。正如其他真菌所显示的那样，这些发现表明，圆环镰刀菌中独特的12000 bp区域的出现与亚端粒相关的动态进化过程有关，而亚端粒又与真菌的生态适应有关。病原体。