Nanobioconjugates using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive and promising hybrid materials. Various biological applications using the CNT nanobioconjugates, for example, drug delivery systems and nanobiosensors, have been proposed by many authors. Scanning techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have advantages to characterize the CNT nanobioconjugates under various conditions, for example, isolated conjugates, conjugates in thin films, and conjugates in living cells. In this review article, almost 300 papers are categorized based on types of CNT applications, and various scanning data are introduced to illuminate merits of scanning techniques.

中文翻译：

---

碳纳米管纳米生物偶联物的扫描技术

使用碳纳米管 (CNT) 的纳米生物共轭物是有吸引力且有前途的混合材料。许多作者已经提出了使用 CNT 纳米生物共轭物的各种生物应用，例如药物递送系统和纳米生物传感器。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和扫描探针显微镜 (SPM) 等扫描技术具有在各种条件下表征 CNT 纳米生物共轭物的优势，例如，分离的共轭物、薄膜中的共轭物和活细胞中的共轭物。在这篇评论文章中，根据 CNT 应用的类型对近 300 篇论文进行了分类，并引入了各种扫描数据来阐明扫描技术的优点。