Despite its intrinsic ability to regenerate form and function after injury, bone tissue can be challenged by a multitude of pathological conditions. While innovative approaches have helped to unravel the cascades of bone healing, this knowledge has so far not improved the clinical outcomes of bone defect treatment. Recent findings have allowed us to gain in-depth knowledge about the physiological conditions and biological principles of bone regeneration. Now it is time to transfer the lessons learned from bone healing to the challenging scenarios in defects and employ innovative technologies to enable biomaterial-based strategies for bone defect healing. This review aims to provide an overview on endogenous cascades of bone material formation and how these are transferred to new perspectives in biomaterial-driven approaches in bone regeneration. Cite this article: T. Winkler, F. A. Sass, G. N. Duda, K. Schmidt-Bleek. A review of biomaterials in bone defect healing, remaining shortcomings and future opportunities for bone tissue engineering: The unsolved challenge. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:232-243. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0270.R1.

中文翻译：

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骨缺损愈合中的生物材料综述，骨组织工程的尚存不足和未来机会：这一尚未解决的挑战。

尽管其具有在损伤后再生形式和功能的内在能力，但骨骼组织仍可能受到多种病理状况的挑战。尽管创新的方法有助于解开骨愈合的级联，但到目前为止，这种知识尚未改善骨缺损治疗的临床效果。最近的发现使我们获得了有关骨骼再生的生理条件和生物学原理的深入知识。现在是时候将从骨修复中吸取的教训转移到具有挑战性的缺陷场景中，并采用创新技术来实现基于生物材料的骨缺陷修复策略。这篇综述旨在概述骨材料形成的内源性级联，以及如何将其转化为生物材料驱动的骨再生方法中的新观点。引用本文：T. Winkler，FA Sass，GN Duda，K。Schmidt-Bleek。骨缺损愈合中的生物材料综述，骨组织工程的尚存不足和未来机会：这一尚未解决的挑战。Bone Joint Res 2018; 7：232-243。DOI：10.1302 / 2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0270.R1。