Monocytes are central to our health as they contribute to both hemispheres of our immune system, the innate and the adaptive arm. Sensing signals from the outside world, monocytes govern the innate immunity by initiating inflammation, e.g., through production of IL-1β. Uncontrolled and sustained inflammation, however, leads to auto-inflammatory syndromes and sometimes to autoimmune diseases. Monocytes can be a driving force for the establishment of such diseases when their ability to also contribute to the resolution of inflammation is impaired. It is therefore of vast importance to gain knowledge about the anti-inflammatory mechanisms monocytes can use to participate in downregulation and resolution of inflammation. Here, we summarize some of the known anti-inflammatory mechanisms and features of regulatory monocytes and shed light on their importance in governing innate and adaptive immune responses. Considering anti-inflammatory mechanisms of monocytes will also help to develop new strategies to use monocytes as therapeutic targets in the future.

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抗炎单核细胞——先天免疫和适应性免疫的相互作用

单核细胞对我们的健康至关重要，因为它们对我们免疫系统的两个半球、先天性和适应性臂都有贡献。感知来自外界的信号，单核细胞通过引发炎症来控制先天免疫，例如通过产生 IL-1β。然而，不受控制和持续的炎症会导致自身炎症综合征，有时还会导致自身免疫性疾病。当单核细胞也有助于消退炎症的能力受损时，单核细胞可以成为建立此类疾病的驱动力。因此，了解单核细胞可以用来参与炎症的下调和消退的抗炎机制是非常重要的。这里，我们总结了调节性单核细胞的一些已知抗炎机制和特征，并阐明了它们在控制先天性和适应性免疫反应中的重要性。考虑单核细胞的抗炎机制也将有助于开发未来使用单核细胞作为治疗靶点的新策略。