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A bioclimatic characterization of high elevation habitats in the Alborz mountains of Iran.
Alpine Botany ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s00035-018-0202-9
Jalil Noroozi 1 , Christian Körner 2
Affiliation  

The Alborz mountains in N-Iran at 36° N rise from the Caspian Sea to 5671 m a.s.l., with warm-temperate, winter-deciduous forests in the lower montane belt in northern slopes, and vast treeless terrain at higher elevation. A lack of rainfall (ca. 550 mm at high elevations) cannot explain the absence of trees. Hence, it is an open question, which parts of these mountains belong to the alpine belt. Here we use bioclimatic data to estimate the position of the potential climatic treeline, and thus, define bioclimatologically, what is alpine and what is not. We employed the same miniature data loggers and protocol that had been applied in a Europe-wide assessment of alpine climates and a global survey of treeline temperatures. The data suggest a potential treeline position at ca. 3300 m a.s.l., that is ca. 900 m above the upper edge of the current oak forest, or 450 m above its highest outposts. The alpine terrain above the climatic treeline position shows a temperature regime comparable to sites in the European Alps. At the upper limit of angiosperm life, at 4850 m a.s.l., the growing season lasted 63 days with a seasonal mean root zone temperature of 4.5 °C. We conclude that (1) the absence of trees below 2850 m a.s.l. is clearly due to millennia of land use. The absence of trees between 2850 and 3300 m a.s.l. is either due to the absence of suitable tree taxa, or the only potential regional taxon for those elevations, Juniperus excelsa, had been eradicated by land use as well. (2) These continental mountains provide thermal life conditions in the alpine belt similar to other temperate mountains. (3) Topography and snow melt regimes play a significant role for the structure of the alpine vegetation mosaics.

中文翻译:

伊朗阿尔伯兹山区高海拔栖息地的生物气候特征。

N-伊朗的Alborz山脉在北纬36°时从里海升至5671 m asl,北坡的山地下部带温带冬季落叶的森林,高海拔地区无树木。降雨不足(高海拔约550毫米)不能解释树木的缺乏。因此,这些山脉的哪些部分属于高山带是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们使用生物气候数据来估算潜在气候树线的位置,从而从生物气候学上定义什么是高山的,什么不是高山的。我们采用了在欧洲范围内对高山气候进行评估以及对树线温度进行全球调查时所使用的微型数据记录器和协议。数据表明潜在的树线位置约为。大约3300 m asl 在当前橡树林的上缘上方900 m,或者在其最高哨点上方450 m。气候树线位置上方的高山地形显示出与欧洲阿尔卑斯山地区相当的温度状况。在被子植物生命的上限,在4850 m asl,生长季节持续了63天,季节性平均根区温度为4.5°C。我们得出的结论是:(1)低于2850 m asl的树木显然是由于数千年的土地使用所致。缺少2850至3300 m asl的树木是由于缺少合适的树木分类单元,或者是这些海拔地区唯一可能的区域分类单元,生长季节持续了63天,季节性平均根区温度为4.5°C。我们得出的结论是:(1)低于2850 m asl的树木显然是由于数千年的土地使用所致。缺少2850至3300 m asl的树木是由于缺少合适的树木分类单元,或者是这些海拔地区唯一可能的区域分类单元,生长季节持续63天,季节性平均根区温度为4.5°C。我们得出的结论是:(1)低于2850 m asl的树木显然是由于数千年的土地使用所致。缺少2850至3300 m asl的树木是由于缺少合适的树木分类单元,或者是这些海拔地区唯一可能的区域分类单元,杜松(Juniperus excelsa)也已被土地利用所根除。(2)与其他温带山脉相似,这些大陆山脉为高山带提供了热力生活条件。(3)地形和融雪状况对高山植被马赛克的结构起着重要作用。
更新日期:2018-02-06
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