We report on the determination of the spore concentration and the species composition of the airborne fungi in selected caves of the Tatra Mountains, Poland. The following caves were surveyed: Mylna, Obłazkowa, Mroźna, Zimna and Naciekowa. The sampling was carried out in July 2015 and in January 2016. The aeromycological analyses were performed with the impact method, using the Air Ideal 3P apparatus and potato dextrose agar (PDA, Biocorp) culture medium. In the course of the July 2015 analysis, 17 species of fungi were isolated and 11 species were isolated in January 2016. In Mylna and Naciekowa caves, the dominant species were Cladosporium cladosporioides and Stachybotrys cylindrospora. In Obłazkowa cave, Rhizoctonia predominated and in Zimna cave—the colonies of the yeast-like fungi, along with S. cylindrospora. In Mroźna cave, Penicillium notatum was the most abundant taxon. In the winter time, in the majority of the caves Penicillium spp. predominated, with the exception of Mroźna and Naciekowa caves where Aspergillus niger was dominant. We propose that aeromycological monitoring be performed regularly in the following caves: Mroźna, Naciekowa and Zimna.

中文翻译：

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空气传播真菌作为生态系统干扰的指标：来自选定的塔特拉山脉洞穴的例子（波兰）

我们报告了波兰塔特拉山脉选定洞穴中空气传播真菌的孢子浓度和物种组成的测定。调查了以下洞穴：Mylna、Obłazkowa、Mroźna、Zimna 和 Naciekowa。采样于 2015 年 7 月和 2016 年 1 月进行。空气真菌学分析采用冲击法，使用 Air Ideal 3P 装置和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA，Biocorp）培养基。在 2015 年 7 月的分析过程中，分离出 17 种真菌，2016 年 1 月分离出 11 种。在 Mylna 和 Naciekowa 洞穴中，优势种是 Cladosporium cladosporioides 和 Stachybotrys cylindrospora。在 Obłazkowa 洞穴中，丝核菌占主导地位，而在 Zimna 洞穴中则是酵母样真菌和 S. cylindrospora 的菌落。在Mroźna洞穴中，Penicillium notatum 是最丰富的分类群。在冬季，在大多数洞穴中，青霉菌属。除了 Mroźna 和 Naciekowa 洞穴外，黑曲霉占主导地位。我们建议在以下洞穴中定期进行空气真菌学监测：Mroźna、Naciekowa 和 Zimna。