During the ground operation of aircraft, the interaction between the propulsor-induced flow field and the ground may lead to the generation of ground vortices. Utilizing numerical approaches, the source of vorticity entering ground vortices is investigated. The results show that the production of wall-parallel components of vorticity has a strong contribution from the wall-parallel components of the pressure gradient on the wall, which is generated by the action of the propulsor. This mechanism is a supplementation for the vorticity transported from the far-field boundary layer, which has been assumed the main vorticity source in a number of previous publications. Furthermore, the quantitative prediction of the occurrence of ground vortices is performed from the numerical results. As the distance of the propeller form the ground decreases, and as the thrust of the propeller increases, ground vortices are generated from the ground and enter the propeller. In addition, the vortices which exist near the ground but does not enter the propeller plane are observed and visualized by three-dimensional data.Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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驱动盘模型对螺旋桨诱发地涡的数值分析

飞机在地面运行过程中，推进器引起的流场与地面的相互作用可能导致地面涡旋的产生。利用数值方法，研究了进入地涡的涡度来源。结果表明，涡量平行壁面分量的产生很大程度上来自于推进器作用产生的壁面压力梯度的平行壁面分量。这种机制是对从远场边界层传输的涡度的补充，在许多以前的出版物中，远场边界层已被假定为主要涡度源。此外，根据数值结果对地涡的发生进行了定量预测。随着螺旋桨离地距离的减小，随着螺旋桨推力的增加，地面产生地涡并进入螺旋桨。此外，通过三维数据对存在于地面附近但未进入螺旋桨平面的涡旋进行观察和可视化。图形摘要