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The cell biology and molecular genetics of Müllerian duct development.
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-19 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.310
Zahida Yesmin Roly 1 , Brendan Backhouse 2 , Andrew Cutting 3 , Tiong Yang Tan 2 , Andrew H Sinclair 2 , Katie L Ayers 2 , Andrew T Major 1 , Craig A Smith 1
Affiliation  

The Müllerian ducts are part of the embryonic urogenital system. They give rise to mature structures that serve a critical function in the transport and development of the oocyte and/or embryo. In most vertebrates, both sexes initially develop Müllerian ducts during embryogenesis, but they regress in males under the influence of testis‐derived Anti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH). A number of regulatory factors have been shown to be essential for proper duct development, including Bmp and Wnt signaling molecules, together with homeodomain transcription factors such as PAX2 and LIM1. Later in development, the fate of the ducts diverges between males and females and is regulated by AMH and Wnt signaling molecules (duct regression in males) and Hox genes (duct patterning in females). Most of the genes and molecular pathways known to be involved in Müllerian duct development have been elucidated through animal models, namely, the mouse and chicken. In addition, genetic analysis of humans with reproductive tract disorders has further defined molecular mechanisms of duct formation and differentiation. However, despite our current understanding of Müllerian duct development, some questions remain to be answered at the molecular genetic level.

中文翻译:

苗勒管发育的细胞生物学和分子遗传学。

缪勒管是胚胎泌尿生殖系统的一部分。它们产生在卵母细胞和/或胚胎的运输和发育中起关键作用的成熟结构。在大多数脊椎动物中,两性最初在胚胎发生过程中发育出苗勒管,但在雄性中,它们在睾丸来源的抗苗勒激素(AMH)的作用下消退。已经显示出许多调节因子对于适当的导管发育是必不可少的,包括Bmp和Wnt信号分子,以及同源域转录因子,例如PAX2和LIM1。在后来的发展中,雄性和雌性之间的导管命运各不相同,并受AMH和Wnt信号分子(雄性中的细胞退化)和Hox基因(雌性中的细胞模式)调节。已知与缪勒氏管发育有关的大多数基因和分子途径已通过动物模型(即小鼠和鸡)阐明。此外,对患有生殖道疾病的人类进行的遗传分析进一步定义了导管形成和分化的分子机制。然而,尽管我们目前对苗勒管的发育了解,但仍需要在分子遗传学水平上回答一些问题。
更新日期:2018-01-19
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