Abstract The aim of this review is to cover advances in noble metal nanoparticle (MNP)-based biosensors and to outline the principles and main functions of MNPs in different classes of biosensors according to the transduction methods employed. The important biorecognition elements are enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, DNA sequences, and whole cells. The main readouts are electrochemical (amperometric and voltametric), optical (surface plasmon resonance, colorimetric, chemiluminescence, photoelectrochemical, etc.) and piezoelectric. MNPs have received attention for applications in biosensing due to their fascinating properties. These properties include a large surface area that enhances biorecognizers and receptor immobilization, good ability for reaction catalysis and electron transfer, and good biocompatibility. MNPs can be used alone and in combination with other classes of nanostructures. MNP-based sensors can lead to significant signal amplification, higher sensitivity, and great improvements in the detection and quantification of biomolecules and different ions. Some recent examples of biomolecular sensors using MNPs are given, and the effects of structure, shape, and other physical properties of noble MNPs and nanohybrids in biosensor performance are discussed.

中文翻译：

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生物传感器中的贵金属纳米粒子：最近的研究和应用

摘要 本综述的目的是介绍基于贵金属纳米颗粒 (MNP) 的生物传感器的进展，并根据所采用的转导方法概述不同类型生物传感器中 MNP 的原理和主要功能。重要的生物识别元素是酶、抗体、适体、DNA 序列和全细胞。主要的读数是电化学（安培和伏安）、光学（表面等离子体共振、比色、化学发光、光电化学等）和压电。MNPs因其迷人的特性而在生物传感中的应用受到关注。这些特性包括增强生物识别器和受体固定化的大表面积、良好的反应催化和电子转移能力以及良好的生物相容性。MNP 可以单独使用，也可以与其他类别的纳米结构结合使用。基于 MNP 的传感器可以显着放大信号，提高灵敏度，并大大改进生物分子和不同离子的检测和量化。给出了最近使用 MNP 的生物分子传感器的一些例子，并讨论了高贵 MNP 和纳米杂化物的结构、形状和其他物理特性对生物传感器性能的影响。