Objectives: Redox regulation plays a crucial role in balancing the cardiovascular system. In this prospective study we aimed to identify currently unknown correlations valuable to cardiovascular research and patient management.

Methods: Blood samples from 500 patients were collected directly before cardiosurgical interventions (Ethics Committee reference number 85/11). Four central redox parameters were determined together with about 30 clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.

Results: Creatinine levels and pulmonary hypertension were significant predictors of the total antioxidant status (TAOS) in the patients; total glutathione levels were linked to C-peptide, and creatinine, gender, and ventricular arrhythmia influenced nitrate/nitrite levels. Notably, significant interactions were found between medication and redox parameters. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were positive predictors of total glutathione levels, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and CCBs were negative predictors of NOx levels. Age showed the highest correlation with the duration of the intensive care stay, followed by NOx levels, creatinine, TAOS, and C-reactive protein.

Discussion: In this prospective study we determined multiple correlations between redox markers and parameters linked to cardiovascular diseases. The data point towards so far unknown interdependencies, particularly between antihypertensive drugs and redox metabolism. A thorough follow-up to these data has the potential to improve patient management.

Abbreviations: A: absorption; ΔA: absorption difference; ABTS: 2,2′-azino-di(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonate); ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; AO: antioxidant; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CCB: calcium channel blocker; CDC: coronary heart diseases; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; Cu-OOH: cumene hydroperoxide; D: dilution factor; DAN: 2,3-diaminonaphtalene; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DTNB: 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate); ε: extinction coefficient; EDRF: endothelium-derived relaxing factor; fc: final concentration; GPx: glutathione peroxidases; (h)GR: (human) glutathione reductase; GSH: (reduced) glutathione; GSSG: glutathione disulfide; GST: glutathione-S-transferase; Hb: hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Hk: hematocrit; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; ICS: intensive care stay; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial infarction; NED: N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamine-dihydrochloride; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; NOx: nitrate/nitrite; NR: nitrate reductase; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PCA: principle component analysis; PH: pulmonary hypertension; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; RT: room temperature (25°C); SA: sulfanilamide; SOD: superoxide dismutase; SSA: sulfosalicylic acid; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TAOS: total antioxidant status; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity; TG: triglycerides; tGSH: total glutathione; TNB-: 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate; U: unit; UV: ultraviolet; VA: volume activity; Wc: working concentration; WHR: waist-hip ratio.

目标：氧化还原调节在平衡心血管系统中起关键作用。在这项前瞻性研究中，我们旨在确定对心血管研究和患者管理有价值的当前未知的相关性。

方法：在进行心脏外科手术之前直接收集了500名患者的血液样本（伦理委员会参考编号85/11）。确定了四个中心氧化还原参数以及约30个临床，人体测量和代谢参数。

结果：肌酐水平和肺动脉高压是患者总抗氧化剂状态（TAOS）的重要预测指标；总的谷胱甘肽水平与C肽有关，并且肌酐，性别和室性心律失常会影响硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐水平。值得注意的是，在药物和氧化还原参数之间发现了显着的相互作用。钙通道阻滞剂（CCBs）是总谷胱甘肽水平的阳性预测指标，而血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和CCBs是NOx含量的阴性预测指标。年龄与重症监护病房的持续时间相关性最高，其次是NOx水平，肌酐，TAOS和C反应蛋白。

讨论：在这项前瞻性研究中，我们确定了氧化还原标记与心血管疾病相关参数之间的多重相关性。数据指向迄今未知的相互依存关系，尤其是降压药和氧化还原代谢之间的依存关系。对这些数据进行彻底的跟踪有可能改善患者管理。

缩写： A：吸收；ΔA：吸收差；ABTS：2，2′-叠氮基二（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉磺酸盐）；ACE：血管紧张素转换酶；AO：抗氧化剂；ARB：血管紧张素受体阻滞剂；BMI：体重指数；CAD：冠状动脉疾病；CCB：钙通道阻滞剂；CDC：冠心病；COPD：慢性阻塞性肺疾病；CRP：C反应蛋白；CVD：心血管疾病；Cu-OOH：氢过氧化枯烯；D：稀释倍数；DAN：2，3-二氨基萘。DMSO：二甲基亚砜；DNA：脱氧核糖核酸；DTNB：5，5-二硫代双（2-硝基苯甲酸酯）；ε：消光系数；EDRF：内皮源性舒张因子；fc：最终浓度；GPx：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶；（h）GR ：（人）谷胱甘肽还原酶；GSH ：（还原的）谷胱甘肽；GSSG：谷胱甘肽二硫化物；GST：谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶；Hb：血红蛋白；HDL：高密度脂蛋白；Hk：血细胞比容；H ₂ O ₂：过氧化氢；ICS：重症监护病房；LDH：乳酸脱氢酶；LDL：低密度脂蛋白；MI：心肌梗塞；NED：N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺-二盐酸盐；NOS：一氧化氮合酶；NOx：硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐；NR：硝酸还原酶；PBS：磷酸盐缓冲盐水；PCA：主成分分析；PH：肺动脉高压；ROS：活性氧；RNS：活性氮；RT：室温（25℃）；SA：磺胺；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；SSA：磺基水杨酸；TAC：总抗氧化能力；TAOS：总抗氧化剂状态；TEAC：trolox当量的抗氧化能力；TG：甘油三酸酯；tGSH：总谷胱甘肽；TNB-：2-硝基-5-硫代苯甲酸酯；U：单位；紫外线：紫外线; VA：音量活动；Wc：工作浓度；WHR：腰臀比。