Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the closest animal models to humans regarding genetics, physiology and behavior. Therefore, NHPs are usually a critical component in translational research projects aimed at developing therapeutics, vaccines, devices or other interventions aimed at preventing, curing or ameliorating human disease. NHPs are often used in conjunction with other animal models, such as rodents, and results obtained using NHPs must often be used as the final criterion for establishing the potential efficacy of a pharmaceutical or vaccine before transition to human clinical trails. In some cases, NHPs may be the only relevant animal models for a particlular translational study. This issue of the ILAR journal brings together, in one place, articles that discuss the use of NHP models for studying human diseases that are highly prevalent and that cause extraordinary human suffering and financial and social burdens. Topics covered in detail include: tuberculosis; viral hepatitis; HIV/AIDS; neurodegenerative disorders; Substance abuse disorders; vision and prevention of blindness; disorder associated with psychosocial processes, such as anxiety, depression and loneliness; cardiovascular disease; metabolic disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; respiratory disease; and female reproduction, prenatal development and women's health. Proper husbandry of NHPs that reduces stress and maintains animal health is critical for the development of NHP models. This issue of the journal includes a review of procedures for environmental enrichment, which helps assure animal health and wellbeing. Taken together, these articles provide detailed reviews of the use of NHP models for translational investigations and discuss successes, limitations, challenges and opportunities associated with this research.

中文翻译：

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非人类灵长类动物和转化研究：进展、机遇和挑战。

非人类灵长类动物（NHP）是在遗传学、生理学和行为方面最接近人类的动物模型。因此，NHP 通常是旨在开发旨在预防、治愈或改善人类疾病的疗法、疫苗、设备或其他干预措施的转化研究项目的关键组成部分。NHP 通常与其他动物模型（例如啮齿动物）结合使用，并且在过渡到人体临床试验之前，使用 NHP 获得的结果通常必须用作确定药物或疫苗潜在功效的最终标准。在某些情况下，NHP 可能是特定转化研究的唯一相关动物模型。本期 ILAR 期刊集中了一些文章，讨论如何使用 NHP 模型来研究高度流行并导致人类遭受巨大痛苦以及经济和社会负担的人类疾病。详细涵盖的主题包括：结核病；病毒性肝炎; HIV爱滋病; 神经退行性疾病；药物滥用障碍；视力和失明预防；与心理社会过程相关的障碍，例如焦虑、抑郁和孤独；心血管疾病; 代谢疾病，例如肥胖和代谢综合征；呼吸系统疾病; 以及女性生殖、产前发育和妇女健康。适当管理 NHP 可以减轻压力并保持动物健康，这对于 NHP 模型的开发至关重要。本期杂志包括对环境丰富程序的回顾，这有助于确保动物的健康和福祉。总而言之，这些文章详细回顾了 NHP 模型在转化研究中的应用，并讨论了与这项研究相关的成功、局限性、挑战和机遇。