Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, differentiation and metabolism during prenatal and postnatal life. The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis is optimized for these actions. Knowledge of this hormonal axis is derived from decades of experiments in animals and man, and more recently from spontaneous mutations in man and constructed mutations in mice. This review examines the HPT-axis in relation to 24 h TSH profiles in men in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including obesity, age, longevity, and primary as well as central hypothyroidism. Hormone rhythms can be analyzed by quantitative methods, e.g. operator-independent deconvolution, approximate entropy and fitting the 24-h component by Cosinor analysis or related procedures. These approaches have identified some of the regulatory components in (patho)physiological conditions.

中文翻译：

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人类下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的调控方面。

甲状腺激素对于产前和产后生活中的生长，分化和代谢至关重要。下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴针对这些动作进行了优化。关于这种激素轴的知识来自动物和人类数十年的实验，最近来自人类的自发突变和小鼠的自发突变。这项审查审查了男性在各种生理和病理生理状况，包括肥胖，年龄，长寿，原发性和中枢性甲状腺功能减退症与24 h TSH谱有关的HPT轴。激素节律可以通过定量方法进行分析，例如独立于操作员的反卷积，近似熵并通过Cosinor分析或相关程序拟合24小时成分。