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Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes in the Cell Types of the Brain.
ASN Neuro ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-05 , DOI: 10.1177/1759091417742296
Erica M Weekman 1, 2 , Abigail E Woolums 1 , Tiffany L Sudduth 1 , Donna M Wilcock 1, 2
Affiliation  

High plasma levels of homocysteine, termed hyperhomocysteinemia, are a risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, which is the second leading cause of dementia. While hyperhomocysteinemia induces microhemorrhages and cognitive decline in mice, the specific effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on each cell type remains unknown. We took separate cultures of astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells and treated each with moderate levels of homocysteine for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. We then determined the gene expression changes for cell-specific markers and neuroinflammatory markers including the matrix metalloproteinase 9 system. Astrocytes had decreased levels of several astrocytic end feet genes, such as aquaporin 4 and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel at 72 hr, as well as an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 at 48 hr. Gene changes in microglia indicated a peak in proinflammatory markers at 48 hr followed by a peak in the anti-inflammatory marker, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, at 72 hr. Endothelial cells had reduced occludin expression at 72 hr, while kinases and phosphatases known to alter tau phosphorylation states were increased in neuronal cells. This suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia induces early proinflammatory changes in microglia and astrocytic changes relevant to their interaction with the vasculature. Overall, the data show how hyperhomocysteinemia could impact Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

中文翻译:

高同型半胱氨酸血症诱导的脑细胞类型中的基因表达变化。

高血浆同型半胱氨酸水平,称为高同型半胱氨酸血症,是血管性认知障碍和痴呆症的危险因素,这是痴呆症的第二大诱因。高同型半胱氨酸血症可引起小鼠微出血和认知功能下降,但高同型半胱氨酸血症对每种细胞类型的特异性作用仍不清楚。我们分别进行了星形胶质细胞,小胶质细胞,内皮细胞和神经元细胞的培养,并分别用中等水平的同型半胱氨酸处理了24、48、72和96小时。然后,我们确定了细胞特异性标记物和神经炎性标记物(包括基质金属蛋白酶9系统)的基因表达变化。在72小时时,星形胶质细胞的几个星形细胞末端脚基因(例如水通道蛋白4和对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)敏感的内向整流钾通道)的水平降低,以及48小时时基质金属蛋白酶9的增加。小胶质细胞中的基因变化表明促炎标记物在48小时达到峰值,然后在抗炎标记物白介素1受体拮抗剂在72小时达到峰值。内皮细胞在72小时时减少了occludin的表达,而神经细胞中已知可改变tau磷酸化状态的激酶和磷酸酶却增加了。这表明高同型半胱氨酸血症会引起小胶质细胞的早期促炎性变化以及与它们与脉管系统相互作用相关的星形细胞变化。总体而言,数据显示高半胱氨酸血症如何影响阿尔茨海默氏病以及血管性认知障碍和痴呆。小胶质细胞中的基因变化表明促炎标记物在48小时达到峰值,然后在抗炎标记物白介素1受体拮抗剂在72小时达到峰值。内皮细胞在72小时时减少了occludin的表达,而神经细胞中已知可改变tau磷酸化状态的激酶和磷酸酶却增加了。这表明高同型半胱氨酸血症会引起小胶质细胞的早期促炎性变化以及与它们与脉管系统相互作用相关的星形细胞变化。总体而言,数据显示高半胱氨酸血症如何影响阿尔茨海默氏病以及血管性认知障碍和痴呆。小胶质细胞中的基因变化表明促炎标记物在48小时达到峰值,然后在抗炎标记物白介素1受体拮抗剂在72小时达到峰值。内皮细胞在72小时的闭合蛋白表达降低,而神经元细胞中已知可改变tau磷酸化状态的激酶和磷酸酶增加。这表明高同型半胱氨酸血症会引起小胶质细胞的早期促炎性变化以及与它们与脉管系统相互作用相关的星形细胞变化。总体而言,数据显示高半胱氨酸血症如何影响阿尔茨海默氏病以及血管性认知障碍和痴呆。而已知可改变tau磷酸化状态的激酶和磷酸酶在神经元细胞中增加。这表明高同型半胱氨酸血症会引起小胶质细胞的早期促炎性变化以及与它们与脉管系统相互作用相关的星形细胞变化。总体而言,数据显示高半胱氨酸血症如何影响阿尔茨海默氏病以及血管性认知障碍和痴呆。而已知可改变tau磷酸化状态的激酶和磷酸酶在神经元细胞中增加。这表明高同型半胱氨酸血症可诱发小胶质细胞的早期促炎性变化以及与它们与脉管系统相互作用相关的星形细胞变化。总体而言,数据显示高半胱氨酸血症如何影响阿尔茨海默氏病以及血管性认知障碍和痴呆。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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