Chemotherapeutic agents have limited efficacy and resistance to them limits today and will limit tomorrow our capabilities of cure. Resistance to treatment with anticancer drugs results from a variety of factors including individual variations in patients and somatic cell genetic differences in tumours. In front of this, multimodality has appeared as a promising strategy to overcome resistance. In this context, the use of nanoparticle-based platforms enables many possibilities to address cancer resistance mechanisms. Nanoparticles can act as carriers and substrates for different ligands and biologically active molecules, antennas for imaging, thermal and radiotherapy and, at the same time, they can be effectors by themselves. This enables their use in multimodal therapies to overcome the wall of resistance where conventional medicine crash as ageing of the population advance. In this work, we review the cancer resistance mechanisms and the advantages of inorganic nanomaterials to enable multimodality against them. In addition, we comment on the need of a profound understanding of what happens to the nanoparticle-based platforms in the biological environment for those possibilities to become a reality.

中文翻译：

---

多峰多功能纳米粒子提供的抗癌治疗和抗药性工具。

化疗药物的功效有限，目前对它们的抵抗力有限，明天将限制我们的治愈能力。对抗癌药的抗药性来自多种因素，包括患者的个体差异和肿瘤中的体细胞遗传差异。在此之前，多模式已成为克服阻力的一种有前途的策略。在这种情况下，基于纳米颗粒的平台的使用为解决癌症耐药机制提供了许多可能性。纳米颗粒可以充当不同配体和生物活性分子的载体和底物，成像，热疗和放射疗法的天线，同时，它们本身可以成为效应子。这使其能够用于多式联运疗法中，以克服传统药物随着人口老龄化而崩溃的抵抗壁。在这项工作中，我们回顾了癌症的抗药性机制和无机纳米材料的优势，以使其能够实现多模态。此外，我们评论了需要深刻理解生物环境中基于纳米颗粒的平台发生了什么，以使这些可能性变为现实。