A new system for maintaining homogeneous gene expression in tissue and for destroying through apoptosis nonconforming cells is introduced. This functionality is called the “similarity comparison.” Accordingly, the survival of mutated cells is hindered due to reduced gene expression. That, in turn, maintains the homogeneity of the tissue and prevents tumors from developing. The concept of the similarity comparison is that every stationary cell in every tissue constantly screens the gene expression of its neighbors. Cells process the signals, and when the difference between neighbors exceeds some threshold, a signal is triggered. An under-expressing cell then either increases its gene expression or apoptosis occurs. The oversight role of the similarity comparison can, under certain conditions, be disrupted, such that mutated cells in the tissue can survive. This is possible only when surrounding normal cells exhibit reduced gene expression. In this case, the normal cells and mutated cells have similar gene expression, and the signal for apoptosis is not triggered. The mutated cells survive, and a tumor can develop. The importance of the similarity comparison as an oversight mechanism is studied. Examples are considered.

中文翻译：

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致癌作用的过程分析：组织功能“保留均一基因表达”的概念衍生。

介绍了一种新的系统，该系统用于维持组织中的均质基因表达并通过凋亡不整合细胞破坏细胞。此功能称为“相似性比较”。因此，由于基因表达降低，突变细胞的存活受到阻碍。继而，保持了组织的均匀性并防止了肿瘤的发展。相似性比较的概念是，每个组织中的每个静止细胞都会不断地筛选其邻居的基因表达。小区处理信号，并且当邻居之间的差异超过某个阈值时，将触发信号。然后，表达不足的细胞要么增加其基因表达，要么发生凋亡。在某些情况下，相似性比较的监督作用可能会受到干扰，这样组织中的突变细胞可以存活。仅当周围正常细胞的基因表达降低时才有可能。在这种情况下，正常细胞和突变细胞具有相似的基因表达，并且不会触发凋亡信号。突变的细胞存活，并且可以发展成肿瘤。研究了相似性比较作为监督机制的重要性。考虑实例。