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Geospatial cryptography: enabling researchers to access private, spatially referenced, human subjects data for cancer control and prevention.
Journal of Geographical Systems ( IF 2.417 ) Pub Date : 2017-05-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10109-017-0252-3
Geoffrey M Jacquez 1, 2 , Aleksander Essex 3 , Andrew Curtis 4 , Betsy Kohler 5 , Recinda Sherman 5 , Khaled El Emam 6 , Chen Shi 1 , Andy Kaufmann 2 , Linda Beale 7 , Thomas Cusick 8 , Daniel Goldberg 9, 10 , Pierre Goovaerts 2
Affiliation  

As the volume, accuracy and precision of digital geographic information have increased, concerns regarding individual privacy and confidentiality have come to the forefront. Not only do these challenge a basic tenet underlying the advancement of science by posing substantial obstacles to the sharing of data to validate research results, but they are obstacles to conducting certain research projects in the first place. Geospatial cryptography involves the specification, design, implementation and application of cryptographic techniques to address privacy, confidentiality and security concerns for geographically referenced data. This article defines geospatial cryptography and demonstrates its application in cancer control and surveillance. Four use cases are considered: (1) national‐level de‐duplication among state or province‐based cancer registries; (2) sharing of confidential data across cancer registries to support case aggregation across administrative geographies; (3) secure data linkage; and (4) cancer cluster investigation and surveillance. A secure multi-party system for geospatial cryptography is developed. Solutions under geospatial cryptography are presented and computation time is calculated. As services provided by cancer registries to the research community, de-duplication, case aggregation across administrative geographies and secure data linkage are often time-consuming and in some instances precluded by confidentiality and security concerns. Geospatial cryptography provides secure solutions that hold significant promise for addressing these concerns and for accelerating the pace of research with human subjects data residing in our nation’s cancer registries. Pursuit of the research directions posed herein conceivably would lead to a geospatially encrypted geographic information system (GEGIS) designed specifically to promote the sharing and spatial analysis of confidential data. Geospatial cryptography holds substantial promise for accelerating the pace of research with spatially referenced human subjects data.

中文翻译:

地理空间密码术:使研究人员能够访问私人的,具有空间参考意义的人类受试者数据,以进行癌症的控制和预防。

随着数字地理信息的数量,准确性和精确度的提高,对个人隐私和机密性的关注已成为最重要的问题。这些不仅通过在共享数据以验证研究结果方面构成实质性障碍,从而挑战了科学发展的基本原则,而且首先也是进行某些研究项目的障碍。地理空间密码学涉及密码学技术的规范,设计,实施和应用,以解决地理参考数据的隐私,机密性和安全性问题。本文定义了地理空间密码术,并演示了其在癌症控制和监视中的应用。考虑了四个用例:(1)在州或省级癌症注册机构之间进行国家级重复数据删除;(2)跨癌症注册机构共享机密数据,以支持跨行政区域的案例汇总;(3)安全的数据链接;(四)癌群调查与监测。开发了一种安全的多方地理空间密码系统。提出了地理空间密码学下的解决方案,并计算了计算时间。由于癌症注册机构向研究社区提供的服务,重复数据删除,跨行政区域的案例汇总以及安全的数据链接通常很耗时,并且在某些情况下会因机密性和安全性问题而被排除在外。地理空间密码术提供了安全的解决方案,这些解决方案有望为解决这些问题和加快研究速度提供新的希望,这些数据将驻留在我们国家的癌症登记机构中,以人类为对象。可以想象,按照此处提出的研究方向,将导致专门设计用于促进机密数据的共享和空间分析的地理空间加密地理信息系统(GEGIS)。地理空间密码学对于加速以空间参考的人类受试者数据的研究步伐具有广阔的前景。可以想象,按照此处提出的研究方向,将导致专门设计用于促进机密数据的共享和空间分析的地理空间加密地理信息系统(GEGIS)。地理空间密码学对于加速以空间参考的人类受试者数据的研究步伐具有广阔的前景。可以想象,按照此处提出的研究方向,将导致专门设计用于促进机密数据的共享和空间分析的地理空间加密地理信息系统(GEGIS)。地理空间密码学对于加速以空间参考的人类受试者数据的研究步伐具有广阔的前景。
更新日期:2017-05-11
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