In situ observations and a coupled bio-physical model were used to study the germination, initiation, and development of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) Alexandrium fundyense bloom in 2006. Hydrographic measurements and comparisons with GOM climatology indicate that 2006 was a year with normal coastal water temperature, salinity, current and river runoff conditions. A. fundyense cyst abundance in bottom sediments preceding the 2006 bloom was at a moderate level compared to other recent annual cyst survey data. We used the coupled bio-physical model to hindcast coastal circulation and A. fundyense cell concentrations. Field data including water temperature, salinity, velocity time series and surface A. fundyense cell concentration maps were applied to gauge the model's fidelity. The coupled model is capable of reproducing the hydrodynamics and the temporal and spatial distributions of A. fundyense cell concentration reasonably well. Model hindcast solutions were further used to diagnose physical and biological factors controlling the bloom dynamics. Surface wind fields modulated the bloom's horizontal and vertical distribution. The initial cyst distribution was found to be the dominant factor affecting the severity and the interannual variability of the A. fundyense bloom. Initial cyst abundance for the 2006 bloom was about 50% of that prior to the 2005 bloom. As the result, the time-averaged gulf-wide cell concentration in 2006 was also only about 60% of that in 2005. In addition, weaker alongshore currents and episodic upwelling-favorable winds in 2006 reduced the spatial extent of the bloom as compared with 2005.

中文翻译：

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缅因湾 2006 年 Alexandrium fundyense 爆发的调查：现场观测和数值模拟

利用原位观测和耦合生物物理模型研究了 2006 年缅因湾 (GOM) Alexandrium fundyense 绽放的萌发、起始和发展。 水文测量和与 GOM 气候学的比较表明，2006 年是正常的一年。沿海水温、盐度、水流和河流径流条件。与最近的其他年度孢囊调查数据相比，2006 年水华之前底部沉积物中的 A.fundyense 孢囊丰度处于中等水平。我们使用耦合的生物物理模型来后报沿海环流和 A.fundyense 细胞浓度。现场数据包括水温、盐度、速度时间序列和表面 A.fundyense 细胞浓度图，用于衡量模型的保真度。耦合模型能够相当好地再现 A.fundyense 细胞浓度的流体动力学和时空分布。模型后报解决方案进一步用于诊断控制绽放动态的物理和生物因素。地表风场调节了绽放的水平和垂直分布。发现初始孢囊分布是影响 A.fundyense 绽放严重程度和年际变化的主要因素。2006 年开花的初始孢囊丰度约为 2005 年开花前的 50%。因此，2006 年全湾细胞浓度的时间平均也仅为 2005 年的 60%左右。此外，与 2006 年相比，2006 年较弱的沿岸流和偶发的上升流有利风降低了水华的空间范围。 2005 年。