Particulate matter (PM) has been found to damage vital body organs, including the lungs and heart, through vascular damage and oxidative stress. Recently, renal function and chronic urologic diseases have also been found to be related to PM. To investigate this, we reviewed the characteristics of PM related to renal toxicity, including recent studies on the associations of urologic diseases with PM. PM can include constituents that cause renal toxicity, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and crystalline silica, which result in renal tubular or interstitial damage. Since 2008, 7 studies have evaluated the renal effects of PM. Two prospective cohort studies and a quantitative study of consecutive patients showed that PM may be related to decreased renal function, as shown by the estimated glomerular filtration rate of diseased or aged participants. Two cross-sectional studies found an association between PM and chronic kidney disease. One of those studies identified the specific renal diseases of immunoglobulin A nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. Two studies that analyzed renal cancer and PM showed no evidence that renal cancer is related to PM. Nine studies were evaluated regarding the relationship of bladder and prostate cancer with PM. The evidence for an association of PM with bladder and prostate cancer is still inconclusive. Although some recently published studies have shown a significant relationship, the causal relationship is not clear. Further well-designed studies on specific renal diseases are required.

中文翻译：

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颗粒物（细颗粒物）和泌尿科疾病。

已发现颗粒物（PM）通过血管损伤和氧化应激损害包括肺和心脏在内的重要身体器官。最近，还发现肾脏功能和慢性泌尿外科疾病与PM有关。为了对此进行调查，我们回顾了与肾脏毒性有关的PM的特征，包括有关泌尿科疾病与PM关联的最新研究。PM可能包含引起肾脏毒性的成分，例如铅，镉，砷和结晶二氧化硅，会导致肾小管或间质损伤。自2008年以来，有7项研究评估了PM的肾脏作用。两项前瞻性队列研究和对连续患者的定量研究表明，患病或老年受试者的肾小球滤过率估计值表明，PM可能与肾功能下降有关。两项横断面研究发现PM与慢性肾脏病之间存在关联。其中一项研究确定了免疫球蛋白A肾病和膜性肾病的特定肾脏疾病。两项分析肾癌和PM的研究表明，没有证据表明肾癌与PM有关。评价了9项关于膀胱癌和前列腺癌与PM关系的研究。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌相关的证据尚无定论。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显着的关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要对特定的肾脏疾病进行进一步精心设计的研究。其中一项研究确定了免疫球蛋白A肾病和膜性肾病的特定肾脏疾病。两项分析肾癌和PM的研究表明，没有证据表明肾癌与PM有关。评价了9项关于膀胱癌和前列腺癌与PM关系的研究。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌相关的证据尚无定论。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显着的关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要对特定肾脏疾病进行进一步设计良好的研究。其中一项研究确定了免疫球蛋白A肾病和膜性肾病的特定肾脏疾病。两项分析肾癌和PM的研究表明，没有证据表明肾癌与PM有关。评价了9项关于膀胱癌和前列腺癌与PM关系的研究。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌相关的证据尚无定论。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显着的关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要对特定的肾脏疾病进行进一步精心设计的研究。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌相关的证据尚无定论。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显着的关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要对特定的肾脏疾病进行进一步精心设计的研究。PM与膀胱癌和前列腺癌相关的证据尚无定论。尽管最近发表的一些研究显示出显着的关系，但因果关系尚不清楚。需要对特定的肾脏疾病进行进一步精心设计的研究。