The history of DNA sequencing dates back to 1970s. During this period the two first generation nucleotide sequencing techniques were developed. Subsequently the Sanger's dideoxy method of sequencing gained popularity over Maxam and Gilbert's chemical method of sequencing. However, in the last decade, we have observed revolutionary changes in DNA sequencing technologies leading to the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. NGS technologies have enhanced the throughput and speed of sequencing combined with bringing down the overall cost of the process over a time. The major applications of NGS technologies being genome sequencing and resequencing, transcriptomics, metagenomics in relation to plant-microbe interactions, exon and genome capturing, development of molecular markers and evolutionary studies. In this review, we present a broader picture of evolution of NGS tools, its various applications in crop plants, and future prospects of the technology for crop improvement.

中文翻译：

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作物植物中下一代测序技术的现状和前景。

DNA测序的历史可以追溯到1970年代。在此期间，开发了两种第一代核苷酸测序技术。随后，Sanger 的双脱氧测序方法比 Maxam 和 Gilbert 的化学测序方法更受欢迎。然而，在过去十年中，我们观察到 DNA 测序技术的革命性变化导致了下一代测序 (NGS) 技术的出现。NGS 技术提高了测序的通量和速度，并随着时间的推移降低了整个过程的成本。NGS 技术的主要应用是基因组测序和重测序、转录组学、与植物-微生物相互作用相关的宏基因组学、外显子和基因组捕获、分子标记的开发和进化研究。在本次审查中，