Plant pathogenic bacteria are responsible for the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars each year, impacting a wide range of economically relevant agricultural crops. The plant immune system detects conserved bacterial molecules and deploys an arsenal of effective defense measures at different levels; however, during compatible interactions, some pathogenic bacteria suppress and manipulate the host immunity and colonize and infect the plant host. Different bacteria employ similar strategies to circumvent plant innate immunity, while other tactics are specific to certain bacterial species. Recent studies have highlighted the secondary messenger c-di-GMP as a key molecule in the transmission of environmental cues in an intracellular regulatory network that controls virulence traits in many plant pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we focus on the recent knowledge of the molecular basis of c-di-GMP signaling mechanisms that promote or prevent the evasion of bacterial phytopathogens from the plant immune system. This review will highlight the considerable diversity of mechanisms evolved in plant-associated bacteria to elude plant immunity.

中文翻译：

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Cyclic di-GMP 在细菌毒力和植物免疫逃避中的作用。

植物病原菌每年造成数亿美元的损失，影响广泛的经济相关农作物。植物免疫系统检测保守的细菌分子，并在不同层面部署一系列有效的防御措施；然而，在相容的相互作用过程中，一些病原菌会抑制和操纵宿主的免疫力，并在植物宿主中定殖和感染。不同的细菌采用类似的策略来规避植物的先天免疫，而其他策略则特定于某些细菌物种。最近的研究强调了第二信使 c-di-GMP 作为细胞内调控网络中环境信号传递的关键分子，该网络控制许多植物病原菌的毒力特征。在本次审查中，我们关注最近关于促进或防止细菌植物病原体从植物免疫系统中逃逸的 c-di-GMP 信号传导机制的分子基础知识。这篇综述将突出植物相关细菌进化出的多种机制来逃避植物免疫。